Controlo de um UAV para aquisição de dados em explorações agrícolas
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2018-06-15
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Ao longo da evolução humana, a agricultura sempre desempenhou um papel fundamental. Na sequência da Revolução Industrial, também nesta atividade se assistiu a uma progressiva mecanização de processos, com uma crescente substituição de trabalho manual por trabalho com recurso a máquinas. Apesar de fortemente mecanizada, mesmo atualmente a atividade agrícola continua fortemente dependente de uma série de fatores associados ao solo e ao clima (fatores edafoclimáticos), sendo estes fundamentais para o sucesso da atividade e práticas agrícolas. Assim, resulta necessário o conhecimento e análise contínua destes parâmetros, por forma a conhecer a sua variabilidade e antecipar dessa forma o impacto que essas variações possam ter sobre a atividade agrícola, a curto, médio e longo prazo. Neste contexto, recentemente começaram a ser desenvolvidos projetos tendentes a automatizar a prática agrícola, desta forma tornando-a mais cómoda e eficiente. Este projeto consistiu na elaboração de uma interface que servisse de estação de controlo em solo com o objetivo de controlar à distância um veículo aéreo não tripulado Quadrotor ) de modo a proporcionar avanços na produtividade agrícola, garantir uma maior qualidade dos alimentos uma vez que os fatores edafoclimáticos que condicionam a sua produção são fortemente monitorizados e finalmente, proporcionar a sustentabilidade futura desta atividade. O veículo usado recolherá dados edafoclimáticos através de sensores. Para concretizar este projeto foram definidos vários objetivos, nomeadamente, a identificação do controlador aéreo mais adequado face à interface e ao objetivo final (desenvolvimento de uma interface que torne o Quadrotor autónomo e que este consiga recolher dados edafoclimáticos dentro de uma certa área agrícola), e a definição do protocolo de comunicação mais adequado. Adicionalmente, pretendeu-se compreender e utilizar de forma otimizada todas as ações que o Quadrotor permite realizar, tais como a execução de comandos enviados pela interface.
Throughout human evolution, agriculture has always played a key role. Following the Industrial Revolution, also a progressive mechanization of processes took place in this activity, with a growing replacement of manual labor for labor using machines. Although strongly mechanized, even today agricultural activity remains strongly dependent on a series of factors associated with soil and climate (edaphoclimatic factors), which are fundamental to the success of agricultural activity and practices. Thus, the knowledge and continuous analysis of these parameters it is necessary, in order to know its variability and anticipate the impact that these variations can have on the agricultural activity, in the short, medium and long term. In this context, projects have recently begun to be developed to automate agricultural practice, thus making it more convenient and efficient. One of these projects consisted in the elaboration of an interface that served as a ground control station with the objective of remote control of an unmanned aerial vehicle (Quadrotor ) in order to provide advances in agricultural productivity, ensure a higher quality of food since the soil and climate factors that condition their production are closely monitored and finally, provide the future sustainability of this activity. This vehicle will collect edaphoclimatic data using sensors. To accomplish this project, several goals were defined, namely, the identification of the most appropriate air microcontroller in view of the interface and the final objective (development of an interface that makes Quadrotor autonomous and it is able to collect edaphoclimatic data within a certain agricultural area), and the definition of the most adequate communication protocol. Additionally, it was intended to understand and optimize all the actions that the Quadrotor can perform, such as the execution of commands sent by the interface.
Throughout human evolution, agriculture has always played a key role. Following the Industrial Revolution, also a progressive mechanization of processes took place in this activity, with a growing replacement of manual labor for labor using machines. Although strongly mechanized, even today agricultural activity remains strongly dependent on a series of factors associated with soil and climate (edaphoclimatic factors), which are fundamental to the success of agricultural activity and practices. Thus, the knowledge and continuous analysis of these parameters it is necessary, in order to know its variability and anticipate the impact that these variations can have on the agricultural activity, in the short, medium and long term. In this context, projects have recently begun to be developed to automate agricultural practice, thus making it more convenient and efficient. One of these projects consisted in the elaboration of an interface that served as a ground control station with the objective of remote control of an unmanned aerial vehicle (Quadrotor ) in order to provide advances in agricultural productivity, ensure a higher quality of food since the soil and climate factors that condition their production are closely monitored and finally, provide the future sustainability of this activity. This vehicle will collect edaphoclimatic data using sensors. To accomplish this project, several goals were defined, namely, the identification of the most appropriate air microcontroller in view of the interface and the final objective (development of an interface that makes Quadrotor autonomous and it is able to collect edaphoclimatic data within a certain agricultural area), and the definition of the most adequate communication protocol. Additionally, it was intended to understand and optimize all the actions that the Quadrotor can perform, such as the execution of commands sent by the interface.
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Protocolo Mavlink , Veículo aéreo não tripulado , Quadrotor , ArduPilotMega , interface em Java , Interface em Android , Estação de controlo em solo.