A educação sexual no ensino profissional: um estudo quasi-experimental envolvendo uma proposta de intervenção com recurso à animação sociocultural
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2018-06-14
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Atualmente, os jovens, na escola ou fora dela, no meio familiar, no grupo de pares ou imersos nos meios de comunicação, têm de se situar num conjunto de mensagens, de condutas e de modelos ligados à sexualidade que são muitas vezes confusos e contraditórios. Estão sujeitos a perceções estereotipadas, idealizadas e fragmentadas sobre a sexualidade. Torna-se, por isso, necessário a reflexão e a discussão sobre esta problemática, em todos os contextos. A Educação Sexual poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento global do jovem, tendo em conta que este tema é sinónimo de educar. Os conteúdos da Educação Sexual podem e devem ser interligados com outras áreas de conteúdo, assumindo, assim, uma posição transversal, em termos curriculares. Nas escolas, é possível realizarem-se atividades motivadoras que envolvam os estudantes, onde estes possam discutir, resgatar e expor as suas conceções, revendo ideias de senso comum e construindo conhecimento baseado no conhecimento científico. O educador deve ter plena consciência de que pode e deve, dentro da comunidade escolar, e fora dela, provocar mudanças nesta área do conhecimento, ainda que estas possam parecer pequenas, mas serão certamente importantes num contexto futuro. Com este estudo pretendeu-se, em termos gerais, identificar os conhecimentos e atitudes face à sexualidade, dos alunos do ensino profissional, de duas escolas com ensino profissional da região norte do país. Tratou-se de um estudo quasi-experimental que contemplou três momentos: primeiro – elaboração, validação e aplicação de um questionário que utilizámos para recolha de dados (pré-teste); segundo – planeamento e execução de uma proposta de intervenção com os alunos de uma das escolas, e terceiro - aplicação do questionário (pós-teste). Para o tratamento de dados utilizámos o programa SPSS (Statistical Package for social Sciences versão 19.1, testes não paramétricos de Kruskal-Wallis). A amostra foi de conveniência e incluiu 452 estudantes, distribuídos por 16 turmas, com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 21 anos. Para a elaboração da proposta de intervenção, recorremos às práticas da Animação Sociocultural, pois consideramos que esta pode potenciar a capacidade humana de entrega, de convivência e de entreajuda, acreditando que tudo é possível, se todos nos unirmos para a criação de projetos comuns, com o objetivo de alcançar uma melhor qualidade de vida e um renovado bem-estar social. A escolha pela envolvência do Ensino Profissional deveu-se ao facto de este ser considerado um ensino de segunda escolha, frequentado de uma maneira geral, por um perfil de alunos, cujos trajetos e percursos escolares são sobretudo pautados por casos de insucesso, e origens socioeconómicas também mais desfavoráveis, pelo que nem sempre estes alunos usufruem da Educação Sexual quer em casa quer no meio escolar. Da análise dos resultados, constatámos que os alunos reconheceram a importância da Educação Sexual em contexto escolar. A maioria dos jovens refere já ter iniciado as relações sexuais, sendo a principal razão para a iniciação sexual, o facto de quererem experimentar, referindo que utilizaram como método contracetivo o preservativo masculino. Tendo em conta as respostas dadas relativamente aos conhecimentos demonstrados, são na sua maioria satisfatórios no que se refere as infeções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST´s), os modos de transmissão do VIH/SIDA, a utilização de métodos contracetivos e da pílula do dia seguinte/emergência. Verificámos ainda que os alunos da escola A não evidenciaram melhores resultados (no pré-teste) que os da escola B, no entanto, esses resultados melhoraram significativamente, em alguns parâmetros, após o desenvolvimento da intervenção. Constatámos também, que existem diferenças significativas do pré-teste para o pós-teste, aplicado na escola A, ao nível do conceito de sexualidade, métodos contracetivos e a função da Educação Sexual na escola. Este estudo permitiu perceber que as práticas de Animação Sociocultural são uma mais-valia no desenvolvimento de projetos de Educação Sexual, dado que permitem dotar os jovens de ferramentas, que os tornam agentes do seu próprio processo de desenvolvimento e das comunidades em que se inserem. Assim, no que concerne às implicações da Educação Sexual em meio escolar, salientamos que o seu contributo visa a promoção de uma vivência multidimensional da sexualidade, para esse efeito o seu desenvolvimento requer um trabalho multidisciplinar.
Nowadays, young people, either in school or outside, in their family environment, immerse in the media, must place themselves within a set of messages, conducts and models linked to sexuality, that are a lot of times confusing and contradictory. They are subjected to stereotypical perceptions, idealized and fragmented about sexuality. Therefore, it becomes necessary the discussion and reflection about this problem in all its context. Sex education should contribute to the overall development of young people, having into account that this theme is synonym to educate. Sex education’s content can and should be connected to other areas of content, assuming so a transversal position in curricular terms. In schools, possible to organize motivational activities that involve students, where these can discuss, rescue and expose their concerns, revealing common sense ideas and building knowledge based on scientific knowledge. The educator should have in full consciousness that he can and should, within the school community, and outside of it, because changes in this area of knowledge, even them seeming small, will certainly have importance in a future context. This study, in general terms, was aimed at identify the knowhow and attitudes facing sexuality, of students from vocational education, from two schools with vocational education from the northern region of the country. It was a quasi-experimental study that contemplated three moments: first – elaboration, validation and application of a quiz used to gather data (pre-test); second – planning and execution of an intervention with the students of one of the schools, and third – quiz application (after-test). For the data handling it was used the SPSS program (Statistical Package for social Sciences version 19.1, Kruskal-Wallis’ non-parametric tests). It was a convenience sample and includes 452 students, across 16 classes, with ages between 14 and 21 years old. For the elaboration of the intervention proposal we resorted to the Sociocultural Animation practices, because we considered that it tries to power the human delivery capacity, of coexistence and cooperability, believing that everything is possible if we all come together and unite for the creation of similar projects with the objective of reaching a better quality of life and a renewed social well-being. The choice for the vocational education involvement, was because this was a secondhand choice of education and attended, in the majority by a type of student, whose school route are mainly tainted with cases of failure, having these students unfavorable social and economic origins, whereby not always these students receive Sex Education nor at home nor in the school environment. From result analysis, we see that students realize sex education’s importance in a school’s environment. Most young people state that they have already had sexual relations, and point as the main reason for their sexual initiation, the fact that they want to try it out, referring that they used the male condom as a contraceptive method. Taking into account the answers given to the knowledge demonstrated, they are mostly satisfactory with regard to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), modes of HIV / AIDS transmission, use of contraceptive methods and the morning-after pill /emergency. We found that the students from school A didn’t show better results (in the pre-test) than those from school B, however, these results significantly improve, in some parameters, after the intervention. We found out as well, the existence of significant differences, from the pre-test to the after-test, given in schools A, to the level of concept of sexuality, contraceptive methods and the aim of Sexual Education in school. This study allowed to understand that the Sociocultural Animation practices, are an added value in the development of Sexual Education projects, given that it allows the participation with the objective of training young people to use the tools that make them the agents of their own development process and the communities they belong to. So, in the implications of Sex Education in the school environment, we emphasize its contribution to the development of a multidisciplinary work that promotes multidimensional experience of sexuality.
Nowadays, young people, either in school or outside, in their family environment, immerse in the media, must place themselves within a set of messages, conducts and models linked to sexuality, that are a lot of times confusing and contradictory. They are subjected to stereotypical perceptions, idealized and fragmented about sexuality. Therefore, it becomes necessary the discussion and reflection about this problem in all its context. Sex education should contribute to the overall development of young people, having into account that this theme is synonym to educate. Sex education’s content can and should be connected to other areas of content, assuming so a transversal position in curricular terms. In schools, possible to organize motivational activities that involve students, where these can discuss, rescue and expose their concerns, revealing common sense ideas and building knowledge based on scientific knowledge. The educator should have in full consciousness that he can and should, within the school community, and outside of it, because changes in this area of knowledge, even them seeming small, will certainly have importance in a future context. This study, in general terms, was aimed at identify the knowhow and attitudes facing sexuality, of students from vocational education, from two schools with vocational education from the northern region of the country. It was a quasi-experimental study that contemplated three moments: first – elaboration, validation and application of a quiz used to gather data (pre-test); second – planning and execution of an intervention with the students of one of the schools, and third – quiz application (after-test). For the data handling it was used the SPSS program (Statistical Package for social Sciences version 19.1, Kruskal-Wallis’ non-parametric tests). It was a convenience sample and includes 452 students, across 16 classes, with ages between 14 and 21 years old. For the elaboration of the intervention proposal we resorted to the Sociocultural Animation practices, because we considered that it tries to power the human delivery capacity, of coexistence and cooperability, believing that everything is possible if we all come together and unite for the creation of similar projects with the objective of reaching a better quality of life and a renewed social well-being. The choice for the vocational education involvement, was because this was a secondhand choice of education and attended, in the majority by a type of student, whose school route are mainly tainted with cases of failure, having these students unfavorable social and economic origins, whereby not always these students receive Sex Education nor at home nor in the school environment. From result analysis, we see that students realize sex education’s importance in a school’s environment. Most young people state that they have already had sexual relations, and point as the main reason for their sexual initiation, the fact that they want to try it out, referring that they used the male condom as a contraceptive method. Taking into account the answers given to the knowledge demonstrated, they are mostly satisfactory with regard to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), modes of HIV / AIDS transmission, use of contraceptive methods and the morning-after pill /emergency. We found that the students from school A didn’t show better results (in the pre-test) than those from school B, however, these results significantly improve, in some parameters, after the intervention. We found out as well, the existence of significant differences, from the pre-test to the after-test, given in schools A, to the level of concept of sexuality, contraceptive methods and the aim of Sexual Education in school. This study allowed to understand that the Sociocultural Animation practices, are an added value in the development of Sexual Education projects, given that it allows the participation with the objective of training young people to use the tools that make them the agents of their own development process and the communities they belong to. So, in the implications of Sex Education in the school environment, we emphasize its contribution to the development of a multidisciplinary work that promotes multidimensional experience of sexuality.
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Jovens , Educação Sexual , Ensino Profissional , Animação Sociocultural