Estratégia para a validação de um método alternativo de monitorização de emissões pontuais em fontes fixas
Data
2017-09-04
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
Ao longo dos últimos anos, a poluição atmosférica, bem como as suas consequências e monitorização têm estado no centro das atenções a nível mundial. A monitorização é regulamentada por legislação e normalização específica, em função dos poluentes a avaliar. No entanto, devido a razões económicas e/ou políticas empresariais, em vez dos métodos de referência (SRM), recorre-se a métodos alternativos (AM). É neste contexto que surge a presente dissertação, com o objetivo de elaborar uma estratégia de validação de métodos alternativos, face aos métodos de referência, para servir de suporte à empresa de monitorização de efluentes industriais, emitidos por fontes fixas, Sondar.I - Amostragem e Tecnologias do Ar, Lda. A metodologia adotada neste trabalho baseou-se, numa primeira fase, na compilação e análise da legislação Portuguesa e das normas do Comité Europeu de Normalização (CEN) e da Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), atualmente em vigor, que regulamentam a emissão e a monitorização dos efluentes gasosos, provenientes de fontes fixas. Os poluentes selecionados pela Sondar.I, neste caso particular, foram os compostos orgânicos voláteis (COV), os óxidos de azoto (NOx) e as partículas (PM). Numa segunda fase, efetuaram-se visitas à Sondar.I para a aquisição de conhecimentos práticos sobre as monitorizações de efluentes industriais, calibração de equipamentos e tratamento de dados. A Estratégia para a Validação de um Método Alternativo de Monitorização de Emissões Pontuais em Fontes Fixas, que se construiu, responde a todos os requisitos da Norma CEN/TS-14793 (2005), que permite a validação de um AM face ao SRM. Adicionalmente, para os três poluentes, com interesse para a Sondar.I, realizou-se o primeiro requisito da Estratégia de Validação proposta, ou seja, procedeu-se à descrição dos AM. Assim, optou-se por descrever dois SRM por poluente que podem ser utilizados como AM, dependendo da região de aplicação e procedeu-se a uma comparação direta dos mesmos. O cumprimento deste requisito teórico permite desenvolver os trabalhos experimentais e de campo que consistem na determinação das caraterísticas de desempenho, no cálculo da incerteza geral do método e na validação de campo, que decorrerão na Sondar.I, após a conclusão da presente dissertação
Over the past few years, air pollution such as its consequences and monitoring have been in the spotlight worldwide. Monitoring is regulated by legislation and specific standardization, depending on the pollutants to be evaluated. However, for economic reasons and/or business policies, instead of the reference methods (SRM) the alternative methods (AM) are used. In this context that the present dissertation arises, with the objective of elaborating a strategy of validation of alternative methods, against the reference methods, to support Sondar.I - Amostragem e Tecnologias do Ar, Lda., company of monitoring of industrial effluents emitted from stationay sources. The methodology adopted in this work was based initially on the compilation and analysis of Portuguese legislation and the standards of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), currently in use, which regulate the emission and monitoring of gaseous effluents from stationary sources. The pollutants selected by Sondar.I, in this particular case, are the volatile organic compounds (VOC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). In a second phase, visits made to Sondar.I for acquire practical knowledge on industrial effluent monitoring, calibration equipments and data processing. The Strategy for the Validation of an Alternative Method for the Monitoring Point Emissions in Stationary Sources was built meeting all the requirements of the standard CEN / TS-14793 (2005), that allows the validation of a AM against the SRM. Additionally, for the three pollutants of interest of the Sondar.I, the first requirement proposed, in Validation Strategy was performed, that is, the description of the AM. It was decided to describe two SRM per pollutant that can be used as AM, depending on the region of application and to compare them directly. The accomplishment of this theoretical requirement allows to develop the experimental and field work that consist in the determination of the performance characteristics, in the calculation of the global uncertainty of the method and in the field validation, that will take place in the Sondar.I, after the conclusion of the present dissertation.
Over the past few years, air pollution such as its consequences and monitoring have been in the spotlight worldwide. Monitoring is regulated by legislation and specific standardization, depending on the pollutants to be evaluated. However, for economic reasons and/or business policies, instead of the reference methods (SRM) the alternative methods (AM) are used. In this context that the present dissertation arises, with the objective of elaborating a strategy of validation of alternative methods, against the reference methods, to support Sondar.I - Amostragem e Tecnologias do Ar, Lda., company of monitoring of industrial effluents emitted from stationay sources. The methodology adopted in this work was based initially on the compilation and analysis of Portuguese legislation and the standards of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), currently in use, which regulate the emission and monitoring of gaseous effluents from stationary sources. The pollutants selected by Sondar.I, in this particular case, are the volatile organic compounds (VOC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). In a second phase, visits made to Sondar.I for acquire practical knowledge on industrial effluent monitoring, calibration equipments and data processing. The Strategy for the Validation of an Alternative Method for the Monitoring Point Emissions in Stationary Sources was built meeting all the requirements of the standard CEN / TS-14793 (2005), that allows the validation of a AM against the SRM. Additionally, for the three pollutants of interest of the Sondar.I, the first requirement proposed, in Validation Strategy was performed, that is, the description of the AM. It was decided to describe two SRM per pollutant that can be used as AM, depending on the region of application and to compare them directly. The accomplishment of this theoretical requirement allows to develop the experimental and field work that consist in the determination of the performance characteristics, in the calculation of the global uncertainty of the method and in the field validation, that will take place in the Sondar.I, after the conclusion of the present dissertation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
validação , método alternativo , método de referência , monitorização , emissões , fontes fixas