Fatores de risco da (re-)incidência de brucelose em pequenos ruminantes
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2019-01-11
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A brucelose dos pequenos ruminantes é uma zoonose com impacto em Portugal, traduzindo- -se em perdas económicas significativas, tanto para os produtores como para o país. A região de Trás-os-Montes e particularmente o concelho de Vinhais continuam com valores de prevalência e incidência da doença superiores à média nacional. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar quais os principais fatores de risco responsáveis pela elevada prevalência e incidência da doença na região entre o período de 2014 e 2017. Foi realizado um inquérito epidemiológico a 44 explorações, 25 das quais identificadas como reincidentes e/ou de maior seroprevalência e as restantes 19 sem historial de brucelose pelo menos desde de 2006 (grupo controlo). De acordo com a análise logística multivariada (P < 0.001), a não reposição dos efetivos com animais vacinados com a vacina Rev 1 (odds ratio = 18.47; P = 0.002), a ocorrência de mais de 50% dos partos em pastos ou caminhos (odds ratio = 24.17; P = 0.001) e a ausência de explorações vizinhas indemnes de brucelose (odds ratio = 7.79; P = 0.01) foram determinantes para a perpetuação da doença no período em estudo. Conclui-se que a vacinação dos jovens animais e o controlo dos partos, e dos anexos placentários, em zonas comuns ou abertas são práticas a considerar prioritárias para a erradicação da brucelose nesta unidade epidemiológica.
Small ruminant brucellosis is a major zoonosis in Portugal, resulting in significant economic losses for both the producer and the country. The region of Trás-os-Montes and particularly the county of Vinhais remains with prevalence and incidence values higher than the national average. The aim of this study was to determine the main risk factors responsible for the high prevalence and incidence of the disease in this area. An epidemiological survey was carried out on 44 herds, 25 of which were identified as recurrent and/or higher seroprevalence between 2014-2017, and the remaining 19 without history of brucellosis at least since 2006 (control group). According to the multivariate logistic analysis (P <0.0001), the nonreplacement of the herds with animals vaccinated with Rev.1 vaccine (odds ratio= 18.47; P= 0.002), the occurrence of more than 50% of parturitions in common paths and pastures (odds ratio= 24.17; P= 0.001) and the absence of neighboring brucellosis-free herds (odds ratio= 7.79, P= 0.01) were determinant for the perpetuation of the disease in the study period. As conclusion, the vaccination of young animals and control of parturitions and placental annexes, in common or open areas are practices to be considered as priorities for the eradication of brucellosis in this epidemiological unit.
Small ruminant brucellosis is a major zoonosis in Portugal, resulting in significant economic losses for both the producer and the country. The region of Trás-os-Montes and particularly the county of Vinhais remains with prevalence and incidence values higher than the national average. The aim of this study was to determine the main risk factors responsible for the high prevalence and incidence of the disease in this area. An epidemiological survey was carried out on 44 herds, 25 of which were identified as recurrent and/or higher seroprevalence between 2014-2017, and the remaining 19 without history of brucellosis at least since 2006 (control group). According to the multivariate logistic analysis (P <0.0001), the nonreplacement of the herds with animals vaccinated with Rev.1 vaccine (odds ratio= 18.47; P= 0.002), the occurrence of more than 50% of parturitions in common paths and pastures (odds ratio= 24.17; P= 0.001) and the absence of neighboring brucellosis-free herds (odds ratio= 7.79, P= 0.01) were determinant for the perpetuation of the disease in the study period. As conclusion, the vaccination of young animals and control of parturitions and placental annexes, in common or open areas are practices to be considered as priorities for the eradication of brucellosis in this epidemiological unit.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária apresentada à Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
Palavras-chave
Brucella , Caprinos , Erradicação de Brucelose , Ovinos , Seroprevalência