A excelência no desporto: estudo centrado nas histórias de vida de atletas campeões olímpicos brasileiros
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2019-02-27
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O presente estudo teve como objetivos conhecer quais os aspetos que os atletas medalhistas
olímpicos brasileiros consideram importantes para o desenvolvimento da excelência no
desporto; identificar quais os aspetos que os profissionais de Educação Física consideram
determinantes para a o desenvolvimento da excelência no desporto; confrontar as opiniões dos
profissionais de Educação Física e dos atletas olímpicos. Para tal, a recolha de dados se deu por
meio da entrevista semiestruturada e como técnica de investigação foi utilizada as Histórias de
Vida, com 09 atletas medalhistas olímpicos. Foram também estudados 15 professores de
Educação Física, com vivências no esporte rendimento, aos quais foram aplicadas entrevistas
semiestruturadas. Para a análise dos dados resultantes das entrevistas, aplicamos a análise de
conteúdo. A associação dos resultados evidencia que: i) a compreensão de excelência do
esporte, de acordo com as análises das falas dos sujeitos investigados, se configura como uma
manifestação cultural, que exige uma formação integral da pessoa enquanto ser social: ii) os
fatores primários são distribuídos em quatro dimensões (Psicológica, cognitiva, emocional e
desempenho pessoal; iii) os fatores secundários correspondem a seis dimensões (socioafetivo,
financeiro, políticas públicas, socioprofissional, socioinstitucional; socioeducacional); iv) a
trilogia educação/escola/esporte está diretamente ligada ao processo de formação do atleta; v)
a dimensão da espiritualidade, Deus, fé e a crença são os alimentos que ajudam para o
enfrentamento das maiores dificuldades dos atletas; vi) há uma entrega da família, mães, pais,
avós, irmãos, professores e técnicos, aos objetivos dos atletas; vii) as políticas públicas
contribuem para a formação de um atleta de excelência; viii) o alcance da excelência demanda
uma articulação de todas as dimensões presentes no processo de formação do atleta. Tendo em
conta os resultados obtidos, chegamos as seguintes conclusões: i) os aspetos que os atletas
medalhistas olímpicos brasileiros consideram importantes para o desenvolvimento da
excelência no desporto transitam entre os fatores primários e secundários, tendo como destaque
a espiritualidade e políticas públicas; ii) os aspectos que os profissionais de Educação Física
consideram determinantes para o desenvolvimento da excelência no desporto contemplam os
fatores primários e secundários; iii) ao confrontar as opiniões dos profissionais de Educação
Física e dos atletas olímpicos destacam-se nas suas falas, aspectos das políticas públicas e a
espiritualidade como fatores determinantes para a excelência no desporto. Em síntese, tanto os
atletas quanto os professores consideram os fatores primários e secundários determinantes para
a construção de carreira de um atleta medalhista olímpico, havendo uma ênfase atribuída aos fatores da espiritualidade, políticas públicas e socioeducacionais. Essas evidências mostram que
alcançar a excelência no desporto é um processo transdimensional.
The present study had as objectives get to know which of the Brazilian Olympic medalists athletes aspects consider important for the excellence development on sports; to identify which of the Physical Education professionals aspects consider to be determinants for the excellence development on sports; to confront the opinions of Physical Education professionals and Olympic athletes. For this, the data collection was done through the semi-structured interview and as research technique was used Life Stories, with 09 Olympic medalists athletes. Fifteen Physical Education teachers, with experience in sports performance were also studied, to whom semi-structured interviews were applied. For the analysis of the data resulting from the interviews, we applied content analysis. The association of the results shows that: i) the comprehension of sports excellence, according to the analysis of the speeches of the investigated subjects, is configured as a cultural manifestation, which requires an integral formation of the person as a social being: ii) the primary factors are divided into four dimensions (psychological, cognitive, emotional and personal performance), iii) secondary factors correspond to six dimensions (socio-affective, financial, public policies, socio-professional, socio-institutional, socio-educational); iv) the education / school / sport trilogy is directly linked to the athlete's training process; v) the dimension of spirituality, God, faith and belief are the fuel that help the athletes to deal with the greatest difficulties; vi) there is a commitment of the family, mothers, fathers, grandparents, siblings, teachers and coaches to the athletes’ goals; vii) public policies contribute to the formation of an excellence athlete; viii) the scope of excellence demands an articulation of all the dimensions present in the athletes’ training process. Taking into account the results obtained, we got to the following conclusions: i) the aspects that Brazilian Olympic medal athletes consider important for the development of sports excellence pass between the primary and secondary factors, with emphasis on spirituality and public policies; ii) the aspects considered by the Physical Education professionals to be decisive for the development of sports excellence include primary and secondary factors; iii) confronting the opinions of Physical Education professionals and Olympic athletes stand out in their speeches, aspects of public policies and spirituality as determining factors for sports excellence. In summary, both athletes and teachers consider the primary and secondary factors determining the career development of an Olympic medalist athlete, with an emphasis on the factors of spirituality, public and socio-educational policies. This evidence shows that achieving sports excellence is a transdimensional process.
The present study had as objectives get to know which of the Brazilian Olympic medalists athletes aspects consider important for the excellence development on sports; to identify which of the Physical Education professionals aspects consider to be determinants for the excellence development on sports; to confront the opinions of Physical Education professionals and Olympic athletes. For this, the data collection was done through the semi-structured interview and as research technique was used Life Stories, with 09 Olympic medalists athletes. Fifteen Physical Education teachers, with experience in sports performance were also studied, to whom semi-structured interviews were applied. For the analysis of the data resulting from the interviews, we applied content analysis. The association of the results shows that: i) the comprehension of sports excellence, according to the analysis of the speeches of the investigated subjects, is configured as a cultural manifestation, which requires an integral formation of the person as a social being: ii) the primary factors are divided into four dimensions (psychological, cognitive, emotional and personal performance), iii) secondary factors correspond to six dimensions (socio-affective, financial, public policies, socio-professional, socio-institutional, socio-educational); iv) the education / school / sport trilogy is directly linked to the athlete's training process; v) the dimension of spirituality, God, faith and belief are the fuel that help the athletes to deal with the greatest difficulties; vi) there is a commitment of the family, mothers, fathers, grandparents, siblings, teachers and coaches to the athletes’ goals; vii) public policies contribute to the formation of an excellence athlete; viii) the scope of excellence demands an articulation of all the dimensions present in the athletes’ training process. Taking into account the results obtained, we got to the following conclusions: i) the aspects that Brazilian Olympic medal athletes consider important for the development of sports excellence pass between the primary and secondary factors, with emphasis on spirituality and public policies; ii) the aspects considered by the Physical Education professionals to be decisive for the development of sports excellence include primary and secondary factors; iii) confronting the opinions of Physical Education professionals and Olympic athletes stand out in their speeches, aspects of public policies and spirituality as determining factors for sports excellence. In summary, both athletes and teachers consider the primary and secondary factors determining the career development of an Olympic medalist athlete, with an emphasis on the factors of spirituality, public and socio-educational policies. This evidence shows that achieving sports excellence is a transdimensional process.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Educação apresentada à Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
Palavras-chave
Excelência , Fatores determinantes , Atletas , Transdimensional