Utilização de sementes de Lupinus spp. na alimentação de borregos da raça Churra da Terra Quente e o seu efeito no crescimento
Data
2019-02-06
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
As leguminosas grão do género Lupinus spp. são espécies bem-adaptadas às condições edafo-climáticas da região mediterrânea. Apesar das suas características nutricionais, o cultivo destas espécies em Portugal tem decrescido ao longo dos últimos anos. Na sua maioria são boas fontes de proteína (≈ 20% - 45%) e energia, sendo por isso possíveis alternativas às fontes proteicas importadas para a alimentação animal, como é o caso da soja e seus derivados. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da substituição de bagaço de soja por grão de Lupinus albus (26%) ou Lupinus luteus (33%) na alimentação de borregos da raça Churra da Terra Quente e o seu efeito no crescimento. Foram utilizados 12 borregos inteiros, com idades compreendidas entre os 92 e 110 dias e com um peso vivo inicial médio de 18 ± 2,8 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos por 3 grupos de 4 animais, e alimentados com 3 dietas isoproteicas e isoenergéticas: (1) dieta controlo (CTR) constituída por feno de prado natural, grão de trigo e bagaço de soja, (2) dieta com substituição do bagaço de soja por L. luteus (33%, TC) e (3) dieta com substituição do bagaço de soja por L. albus (26%, TR). Durante o período de crescimento, os animais foram pesados semanalmente sendo registada a quantidade de alimento fornecido e ingerido pelos animais. Quando estes atingiram 27 Kg, seguiu-se um período de avaliação da digestibilidade das dietas utilizando jaulas metabólicas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a substituição do bagaço de soja por L. luteus e L. albus, na dieta de borregos em crescimento, não provocou qualquer efeito no ganho medio diário e no índice de conversão alimentar. A ingestão de matéria seca dos borregos alimentados com a dieta CTR foi significativamente menor (P<0,05) do que a dos grupos alimentados com as dietas TC e TR. Porém, os resultados indicam que a quantidade de MO digestível ingerida não diferiu entre grupos (547,7, 538,0 e 543,6 g MO dig. dia-1 para as dietas CTR, TC e TR, respetivamente). A dieta não afetou a digestibilidade de nenhuma das suas frações, embora tenha sido observada uma tendência para valores superiores de digestibilidade da fração NDF da dieta CTR, comparativamente aos das restantes. Os resultados obtidos indicam a possibilidade de utilização destas fontes proteicas como matérias-primas na alimentação de borregos em crescimento. Apesar de promissores, estes resultados devem ser aprofundados, no sentido de se avaliar o efeito de níveis mais elevados de substituição do bagaço de soja, por Lupinus ssp., no crescimento dos borregos.
The legumes of the genus Lupinus spp. are well-adapted species to the soil and climatic conditions of the Mediterranean region. Despite their nutritional characteristics, the cultivation of these species in Portugal has decreased in recent years. Most of them are good sources of protein (≈ 20% - 45%) and energy. Therefore, these could be possible alternatives to imported protein sources for animal feed, such as soybeans and their derivatives. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the substitution of soybean meal by Lupinus albus grain (26%) or Lupinus luteus grain (33%) on Churra da Terra Quente lambs feeding and the effect in animal growth. Twelve male lambs, between the ages of 92 and 110 days with an initial mean live weight of 18 ± 2.8 kg, were used. They were divided into 3 groups of 4 animals and were fed with 3 isoproteic and isoenergetic diets: (1) control diet (CTR) made of hay, wheat grain and soybean meal, (2) diet with L. luteus substituting soybean meal (33%, TC) and (3) diet with soybean meal replaced by L. albus (26%, TR). During the growth period, the animals were weighed weekly and the amount of feed supplied and ingested by the animals was recorded. When the animals reached 27 Kg, after the growth period a evaluation of the digestibility of the diets was followed using metabolic cages. The results indicate that the substitution of soybean meal by L. luteus and L. albus, in diets of growing lambs, had no effect on mean daily gain and feed conversion. The dry matter intake of lambs fed the CTR diet was significantly lower (P <0.05) than the groups fed with the TC and TR diets. However, the results indicate that the amount of digestible organic matter ingested did not differ among groups (547.7, 538.0 and 543.6 g dig.-1 for the CTR, TC and TR diet, respectively). The diet did not affect the digestibility of any of its fractions, although a trend was observed for higher digestibility values of the NDF fraction of the CTR diet, compared to the others. The results indicate the possibility of using these protein sources as feed materials for growing lambs. Although promising, these results should be further investigated to evaluate the effect of higher levels of soybean meal replacement by Lupinus ssp., on animal growth.
The legumes of the genus Lupinus spp. are well-adapted species to the soil and climatic conditions of the Mediterranean region. Despite their nutritional characteristics, the cultivation of these species in Portugal has decreased in recent years. Most of them are good sources of protein (≈ 20% - 45%) and energy. Therefore, these could be possible alternatives to imported protein sources for animal feed, such as soybeans and their derivatives. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the substitution of soybean meal by Lupinus albus grain (26%) or Lupinus luteus grain (33%) on Churra da Terra Quente lambs feeding and the effect in animal growth. Twelve male lambs, between the ages of 92 and 110 days with an initial mean live weight of 18 ± 2.8 kg, were used. They were divided into 3 groups of 4 animals and were fed with 3 isoproteic and isoenergetic diets: (1) control diet (CTR) made of hay, wheat grain and soybean meal, (2) diet with L. luteus substituting soybean meal (33%, TC) and (3) diet with soybean meal replaced by L. albus (26%, TR). During the growth period, the animals were weighed weekly and the amount of feed supplied and ingested by the animals was recorded. When the animals reached 27 Kg, after the growth period a evaluation of the digestibility of the diets was followed using metabolic cages. The results indicate that the substitution of soybean meal by L. luteus and L. albus, in diets of growing lambs, had no effect on mean daily gain and feed conversion. The dry matter intake of lambs fed the CTR diet was significantly lower (P <0.05) than the groups fed with the TC and TR diets. However, the results indicate that the amount of digestible organic matter ingested did not differ among groups (547.7, 538.0 and 543.6 g dig.-1 for the CTR, TC and TR diet, respectively). The diet did not affect the digestibility of any of its fractions, although a trend was observed for higher digestibility values of the NDF fraction of the CTR diet, compared to the others. The results indicate the possibility of using these protein sources as feed materials for growing lambs. Although promising, these results should be further investigated to evaluate the effect of higher levels of soybean meal replacement by Lupinus ssp., on animal growth.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica apresentada à Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
Palavras-chave
Lupinus albus , Lupinus luteus , Churra da Terra Quente , fontes proteicas , crescimento , digestibilidade