Estudo das claudicações e dos fatores predisponentes em explorações de vacas leiteiras no concelho de Vila do Conde
Data
2018-11-19
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As claudicações em vacas de leite são um problema crescente, constituindo uma grave ameaça ao bem-estar animal, afetando a rentabilidade económica das explorações. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar as principais afeções podais nas explorações envolvidas e tentou-se relacionar a sua ocorrência com potenciais fatores de risco existentes em cada exploração. A primeira parte do trabalho consta duma revisão bibliográfica sobre as claudicações, os fatores de risco e a prevenção. Na segunda parte, apresenta-se o trabalho prático que envolveu 20 explorações leiteiras, onde foram utilizados dados referentes às intervenções efetuadas durante um ano (1 de fevereiro de 2017 a 31 de janeiro de 2018) pelo técnico responsável pela podologia da CAVC e também os resultados do inquérito efetuado nas visitas às explorações em estudo. A média de vacas em lactação das 20 explorações estudadas foi de 61±25 com uma produção média aos 305 dias de 9 709±821kg, relativo aos dados do contraste das lactações terminadas em 2017. O cimento riscado e o cimento ripado foram os pisos predominantes nas explorações em estudo, tendo-se encontrado metade das explorações apenas com cimento riscado e outra metade com uma parte do piso em cimento riscado e outra parte riscado e não se observaram diferenças (P>0,05) na incidência de qualquer afeção nos diferentes tipos de piso. A dermatite digital foi a afeção com maior incidência (31,17%), seguindo-se a doença de linha branca e a úlcera de sola, ambas com uma incidência de 23,60%. As úngulas mais afetadas foram as laterais posteriores com uma percentagem de 57,30%. Não se observou efeito (P>0,05) da produção de leite aos 305 dias das explorações sobre a percentagem de animais intervencionados terapeuticamente nem do rácio de camas e cornadis sobre os animais presentes. Constatou-se efeito (P<0,05) da ordem de lactação nos casos de doença de linha branca, úlcera de ponta, fissuras e as dermatites digital e interdigital.
Lameness in dairy cows are a growing problem, representing a serious threat to animal welfare, affecting the economic profitability of farms. The present study aimed to identify the main foot affections in the involved farms and it was tried to relate their occurrence with potential risk factors existing in each holding. The first part of the study consists of a literature review on claudications, their risk factors and prevention. In the second part, we present the practical work involving 20 dairy farms, where we used data referring to the interventions carried out during a year (February 1, 2017 to January 31, 2018) by the CAVC technician and the results of the survey carried out on visits to the holdings under study. The average number of lactating cows from the 20 farms studied was 61±25 with an average yield at 305 days of 9 709 ± 821 kg, relative to the contrast data from lactations terminated in 2017. Scratched cement and ripened cement were the predominant floors in the holdings under study, half of the explorations were found only with scratched cement and half with a part of the floor in scratched cement and another part scratched and no differences were observed (P>0,05) in the incidence of any affection in the different types of floor. Digital dermatitis was the most common affection (31,17%), followed by white line disease and sole ulcer, both with an incidence of 23,60%. The most affected nulls were the posterior lateral ones with a percentage of 57,30%. There was no effect (P>0,05) of the milk production on 305 days of farms on the percentage of therapeutically operated animals nor the ratio of beds and number of seats to the manger on the animals present. There was an effect (P<0,05) of the order of lactation in cases of white line disease, tip ulcer, fissures and digital and interdigital dermatitis.
Lameness in dairy cows are a growing problem, representing a serious threat to animal welfare, affecting the economic profitability of farms. The present study aimed to identify the main foot affections in the involved farms and it was tried to relate their occurrence with potential risk factors existing in each holding. The first part of the study consists of a literature review on claudications, their risk factors and prevention. In the second part, we present the practical work involving 20 dairy farms, where we used data referring to the interventions carried out during a year (February 1, 2017 to January 31, 2018) by the CAVC technician and the results of the survey carried out on visits to the holdings under study. The average number of lactating cows from the 20 farms studied was 61±25 with an average yield at 305 days of 9 709 ± 821 kg, relative to the contrast data from lactations terminated in 2017. Scratched cement and ripened cement were the predominant floors in the holdings under study, half of the explorations were found only with scratched cement and half with a part of the floor in scratched cement and another part scratched and no differences were observed (P>0,05) in the incidence of any affection in the different types of floor. Digital dermatitis was the most common affection (31,17%), followed by white line disease and sole ulcer, both with an incidence of 23,60%. The most affected nulls were the posterior lateral ones with a percentage of 57,30%. There was no effect (P>0,05) of the milk production on 305 days of farms on the percentage of therapeutically operated animals nor the ratio of beds and number of seats to the manger on the animals present. There was an effect (P<0,05) of the order of lactation in cases of white line disease, tip ulcer, fissures and digital and interdigital dermatitis.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica
Palavras-chave
claudicação , vacas leiteiras , fatores predisponentes , maneio