O teatro na educação: uma pedagogia de desenvolvimento da criatividade
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2018-11-30
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Este trabalho de investigação, desenvolvido no domínio da Educação, centra-se no desenvolvimento do indivíduo e da sua capacidade criativa através de uma Pedagogia Teatral, uma pedagogia promotora das capacidades e competências do indivíduo através da aprendizagem pela e através da arte. As alterações políticas e socioeconómicas observadas na Europa e em Portugal, nas últimas duas décadas, com reflexos nos sistemas de educação, têm vindo a negligenciar o lado humanístico da educação, mais centrado em aprendizagens orientadas para a competitividade económica. No entanto, numa sociedade considerada do conhecimento, que pressupõe que os indivíduos desenvolvam cada vez mais as suas capacidades formativas, não basta desenvolver uma cultura de aprendizagem, é necessário criar novas formas de participação e colaboração, tornando o conhecimento mais acessível a todos os indivíduos, permitindo-lhes as escolhas das áreas de aprendizagem que pretendem desenvolver bem como os contextos, pois são os próprios cidadãos os principais atores da sociedade. Quanto mais informados, ativos e participativos forem, mais contribuem para o desenvolvimento da sociedade que fazem parte. O desenvolvimento de competências pessoais e sociais (sendo competência a capacidade para operacionalizar um conjunto de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes numa situação concreta) implica o saber saber, o saber ser, o saber fazer e o aprender juntos. Estas, tidas como competências necessárias face à complexidade das interações da sociedade atual, têm sido associadas à participação social do individuo e à coesão social. Numa sociedade que se baseia numa forte política ao nível do desenvolvimento do conhecimento, a criatividade poderá ser uma ferramenta de extrema importância para o indivíduo encontrar novas soluções, podendo assim contribuir para a produção de novas ideias, para o desenvolvimento da comunicação, o apurar da sensibilidade estética, para a resolução mais fácil de problemas, tornando-se assim mais empreendedor e ativo, valorizando-se uma formação diversificada e em contextos plurais. Por sua vez, a criatividade ao permitir operacionalizar conhecimentos, atitudes e habilidades, transformando-os em novos saberes originais e valiosos, permitirá ao indivíduo umamaior adaptação a novas situações, impulsioná-lo para a ação e para a produção. Nesta perspetiva, definiu-se como objetivo deste estudo analisar a pertinência de aprofundar a compreensão da prática do Teatro enquanto impulsionador do desenvolvimento do potencial criativo, da iniciativa, da reflexão, da crítica, da autonomia, da liberdade de pensamento e de ação, enquanto forma humana de expressão. Para a concretização do objetivo acima enunciado, isto é, compreender de que forma a criatividade se desenvolve no individuo através de uma pedagogia teatral, optou-se pelo método qualitativo da investigação ação participativa ancorada no método das art-based research. Para recolha dos dados realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais e de grupo. Foram também utilizadas outras ferramentas como o diário de bordo e as notas de campo. Com este estudo pretendemos trazer uma contribuição para a compreensão da prática teatral enquanto pedagogia, promotora da criatividade no indivíduo ao longo da vida e, por sua vez, da relevância da criatividade no desenvolvimento do indivíduo na sociedade que se nos impõe nos dias de hoje.
This research work, developed in the field of education, focuses on the development of the individual and his creative capacity through a theatrical Pedagogy promoter of capacities and competences of the individual through learning by and through the artwork. The political and socio-economic changes in Europe and in Portugal, throughout the ages and in lifelong learning, has been neglecting the humanistic side of education, however, and a society considered knowledge, where it is assumed that individuals develop increasingly their formative capabilities it is not enough to develop a culture of learning, it is necessary to create new forms of participation and collaboration, making knowledge more accessible to all individuals, allowing them the choices of learning areas who want to develop as well as the contexts, because citizens themselves are the main actors in society, that much more informed, active and participatory development are, the more they produce. The development of personal and social skills, and competence the ability to implement a set of knowledge, skills and attitudes in a concrete situation, implies the knowledge, know-how and learn together, skills necessary given the complexity of the interactions of today's society, being also constructs that allow the individual to social cohesion and participation association with common purposes in a community. The development of personal and social skills, and competence the ability to implement a set of knowledge, skills and attitudes in a concrete situation, implies the know-how, knowledge, and learn together, skills necessary given the complexity of the interactions of today'ssociety, being also constructs that allow the individual to social cohesion and participation association with common purposes in a community. In turn, the creativity allows operationalize knowledge, attitudes and skills, transforming them into new original and valuable knowledge, will enable the individual a greater adaptation to new situations, propel to action and for the production. In this perspective, it was defined as the purpose of this study to analyze the relevance to deepen the understanding of the practice of theater as a catalyst for the development of creative potential, initiative, reflection, critique, autonomy, freedom of thought and action, while human form of expression. While method used and after a review of the literature, in order to carry out an investigation as well reasoned and careful, we opted for the use of action research with a qualitative approach anchored in the method of art-based research. For a greater consistency of results to obtain held structured interviews. They were also used tools like the logbook and the notes field. The reasons for the choice of method, arrested with the need to respond to the primary objective of the study, to try to understand how the creativity develops in the individual through a theatrical pedagogy. With this study we want to bring a contribution to the understanding of the theatrical practice while pedagogy throughout life, promoter of the creativity in the individual and in turn the relevance of creativity, in the development of the individual in society that imposes itself today.
This research work, developed in the field of education, focuses on the development of the individual and his creative capacity through a theatrical Pedagogy promoter of capacities and competences of the individual through learning by and through the artwork. The political and socio-economic changes in Europe and in Portugal, throughout the ages and in lifelong learning, has been neglecting the humanistic side of education, however, and a society considered knowledge, where it is assumed that individuals develop increasingly their formative capabilities it is not enough to develop a culture of learning, it is necessary to create new forms of participation and collaboration, making knowledge more accessible to all individuals, allowing them the choices of learning areas who want to develop as well as the contexts, because citizens themselves are the main actors in society, that much more informed, active and participatory development are, the more they produce. The development of personal and social skills, and competence the ability to implement a set of knowledge, skills and attitudes in a concrete situation, implies the knowledge, know-how and learn together, skills necessary given the complexity of the interactions of today's society, being also constructs that allow the individual to social cohesion and participation association with common purposes in a community. The development of personal and social skills, and competence the ability to implement a set of knowledge, skills and attitudes in a concrete situation, implies the know-how, knowledge, and learn together, skills necessary given the complexity of the interactions of today'ssociety, being also constructs that allow the individual to social cohesion and participation association with common purposes in a community. In turn, the creativity allows operationalize knowledge, attitudes and skills, transforming them into new original and valuable knowledge, will enable the individual a greater adaptation to new situations, propel to action and for the production. In this perspective, it was defined as the purpose of this study to analyze the relevance to deepen the understanding of the practice of theater as a catalyst for the development of creative potential, initiative, reflection, critique, autonomy, freedom of thought and action, while human form of expression. While method used and after a review of the literature, in order to carry out an investigation as well reasoned and careful, we opted for the use of action research with a qualitative approach anchored in the method of art-based research. For a greater consistency of results to obtain held structured interviews. They were also used tools like the logbook and the notes field. The reasons for the choice of method, arrested with the need to respond to the primary objective of the study, to try to understand how the creativity develops in the individual through a theatrical pedagogy. With this study we want to bring a contribution to the understanding of the theatrical practice while pedagogy throughout life, promoter of the creativity in the individual and in turn the relevance of creativity, in the development of the individual in society that imposes itself today.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Educação
Palavras-chave
Sociedade do conhecimento , competências , Teatro , Educação e criatividade