Cooperação internacional, organizações e redes da sociedade civil influenciando políticas públicas para a convivência com o Semiárido: contextos locais e sustentabilidade da agricultura familiar
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2019-03-29
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A tese analisa a influência das organizações, movimentos e redes da sociedade civil nas mudanças ocorridas em políticas públicas para a agricultura familiar, no semiárido brasileiro, enquanto fenómeno social, contando com o apoio mais presente da cooperação internacional não governamental. Entretanto, se pergunta: como se deu tal influência? Que mecanismos e processos de mobilização social foram necessários para construí-la e vivenciá-la? Que relações intra e interorganizacionais e processos de comunicação foram necessários construir e assegurar? Apoiada nessas e noutras perguntas de investigação, a tese considera como viés analítico as bases epistemológicas e princípios que a fundamentam, em duas dimensões teóricas: a primeira é a dimensão da comunicação que viabiliza as relações intra e interorganizacionais fundamentais ao desenvolvimento da gestão de redes e movimentos sociais para realizar influências em políticas públicas; a segunda dimensão refere-se aos termos extensão e comunicação rural, considerados aqui como base para compreender os efeitos da influência em políticas públicas para este setor da economia rural. A opção metodológica é pelo estudo de caso com metodologia de investigação qualitativa, como abordagem científica, priorizando três recortes: um temporal – de 1988 a 2017, assumido como “perímetro temporal de incidência do estudo” –; outro geográfico – o Semiárido brasileiro assumido como caso de estudo –; e, um outro, temático – que considera a influência em políticas públicas, a partir da coconstrução de relações intra e interorganizacionais, inerentes às mobilizações sociais como instrumentos de ação proativa da sociedade civil –. Utiliza como instrumentos de recolha de informações e dados uma entrevista semiestruturada, e questionários, submetidos a profissionais das ONGs atuantes na região; a oficiais ou ex-oficiais de programas de agências de cooperação internacional; e a consultores de organizações e agências com conhecimento sobre o fenómeno estudado. Daí resultou uma série de evidências, reforçadas pela literatura científica e pelos documentos relacionados ao objeto de investigação. Assim, a tese traz uma análise destas evidências, bem como dos resultados obtidos e seus respetivos ganhos políticos, referenciados no objeto de investigação. Analisa também os principais entraves e ameaças para a continuidade do papel desempenhado pela sociedade civil, bem como, as vantagens obtidas pelas famílias agricultoras a partir dos processos de coconstrução, negociação e implementação de políticas públicas para fortalecê-las social e economicamente. Considera, para isso, os contextos locais e a coevolução de sustentabilidade e resiliência dos sistemas de produção. Os resultados alcançados nesta investigação podem vir a preencher lacunas existentes no processo de construção de conhecimentos sobre a convivência com o Semiárido, como paradigma e prática de mobilização social, vivenciada pelas famílias agricultoras e camponesas. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, expõem hiatos no processo, os quais podem ser relevantes sugestões de investigação, ao meio académico, para abordar cientificamente as perguntas, as suposições e as dúvidas elucidadas pelas famílias agricultoras, as quais emergem dos debates nas arenas políticas. Os elementos conclusivos obtidos permitem, por sua vez, visualizar uma síntese referencial, do caso brasileiro, para futuros trabalhos e intervenções em outras regiões semiáridas do planeta, cuja intervenção política vise ao desenvolvimento rural sustentável de cariz regional, territorial ou local.
The thesis analyzes the influence of civil society organizations, social movements and networks on the changes that have taken place in public policies involving family agriculture in the Brazilian semi-arid region, through a social phenomenon, with the existing assistance from international non-governmental cooperation. Nevertheless, one can ask: How did such a force take place? What mechanisms and processes of social mobilization were needed to construct and care for it? What intra and interorganizational relationships and communication processes were needed to build and ensure it? Based on these questions and additional research questions, the thesis considers through analytical inclination the epistemological basis and principles that establishes the link, between two theoretical dimensions: the first involves the communication dimension that sanctions the intra and interorganizational relationships fundamental for the development of the management network and social movements to compel public policy changes; the second dimension refers to the concepts of extension and rural communication, considered here as a basis for understanding the effects of the influence upon public policies for this sector of the rural economy. The methodological option is case study a qualitative research methodology, as a scientific approach, prioritizing three strokes: a temporal - from 1988 to 2017, assumed as "temporal perimeter of study incidence" -; another geographical - the Brazilian semi-arid assumed as a case for study -; and, one other, thematic - that exerts influence on public policies, starting from the co-construction of intra and interorganizational relations, inherent for social mobilizations as instruments of proactive actions within the civil society -. It uses as instruments of information and data collection a semi-structured interview, and questionnaires, directed to NGO professionals working in the region; to officers or former programme officers from international cooperation agencies; and consultants of organizations and agencies with knowledge about the phenomenon studied. This resulted in a series of testimonies, reinforced by the scientific literature and the documents related to the object of investigation. Thus, the thesis presents an analysis of these evidences, as well as the results obtained and their respective political gains, referenced in the object of investigation. It also analyzes the main obstacles and threats to the continuity of the role played by civil society, as well as the advantages obtained by the farming families from the processes of co-construction, negotiation and implementation of public policies to strengthen them socially and economically. It considers, for this, the local contexts and the co-evolution for sustainability and resilience of the production systems. The results achieved in this research may fill gaps in the process of building knowledge about living within the Semi-arid region, as a paradigm and practice for social mobilization, experienced by the families of farmers and peasants. But at the same time, they expose gaps in the process, which may be relevant research recommendations for academics to scientifically address the questions, assumptions and doubts elucidated by farming families, which emerge from debates in political arenas. The conclusive elements allow us to visualize a reference synthesis of the Brazilian case for future work and interventions in other semi-arid regions of the planet, whose political intervention is aimed at sustainable rural development at the regional, territorial or local level.
The thesis analyzes the influence of civil society organizations, social movements and networks on the changes that have taken place in public policies involving family agriculture in the Brazilian semi-arid region, through a social phenomenon, with the existing assistance from international non-governmental cooperation. Nevertheless, one can ask: How did such a force take place? What mechanisms and processes of social mobilization were needed to construct and care for it? What intra and interorganizational relationships and communication processes were needed to build and ensure it? Based on these questions and additional research questions, the thesis considers through analytical inclination the epistemological basis and principles that establishes the link, between two theoretical dimensions: the first involves the communication dimension that sanctions the intra and interorganizational relationships fundamental for the development of the management network and social movements to compel public policy changes; the second dimension refers to the concepts of extension and rural communication, considered here as a basis for understanding the effects of the influence upon public policies for this sector of the rural economy. The methodological option is case study a qualitative research methodology, as a scientific approach, prioritizing three strokes: a temporal - from 1988 to 2017, assumed as "temporal perimeter of study incidence" -; another geographical - the Brazilian semi-arid assumed as a case for study -; and, one other, thematic - that exerts influence on public policies, starting from the co-construction of intra and interorganizational relations, inherent for social mobilizations as instruments of proactive actions within the civil society -. It uses as instruments of information and data collection a semi-structured interview, and questionnaires, directed to NGO professionals working in the region; to officers or former programme officers from international cooperation agencies; and consultants of organizations and agencies with knowledge about the phenomenon studied. This resulted in a series of testimonies, reinforced by the scientific literature and the documents related to the object of investigation. Thus, the thesis presents an analysis of these evidences, as well as the results obtained and their respective political gains, referenced in the object of investigation. It also analyzes the main obstacles and threats to the continuity of the role played by civil society, as well as the advantages obtained by the farming families from the processes of co-construction, negotiation and implementation of public policies to strengthen them socially and economically. It considers, for this, the local contexts and the co-evolution for sustainability and resilience of the production systems. The results achieved in this research may fill gaps in the process of building knowledge about living within the Semi-arid region, as a paradigm and practice for social mobilization, experienced by the families of farmers and peasants. But at the same time, they expose gaps in the process, which may be relevant research recommendations for academics to scientifically address the questions, assumptions and doubts elucidated by farming families, which emerge from debates in political arenas. The conclusive elements allow us to visualize a reference synthesis of the Brazilian case for future work and interventions in other semi-arid regions of the planet, whose political intervention is aimed at sustainable rural development at the regional, territorial or local level.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Agronómicas e Florestais
Palavras-chave
agricultura familiar e camponesa , políticas públicas , semiárido brasileiro , relações interorganizacionais , movimentos sociais