Os afetos na adolescência: a sua relação com a socialização parental e com a resolução de conflitos na fratria
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2019-04-15
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A presente dissertação é composta por dois estudos empíricos, apresentados seguidamente. O primeiro estudo, estudo empírico 1, intitula-se “Socialização parental e afetos em adolescentes” e teve como principal objetivo estudar o papel dos afetos positivos e negativos na perceção dos adolescentes sobre a socialização parental. Para o efeito recorreu-se a uma amostra de 230 alunos cujas idades se situavam entre os 11 e 16 anos, aos quais foi solicitado responder aos instrumentos utilizados: o Questionário sociobiográfico; a Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – versão portuguesa (PANAS, Galinha & Pais-Ribeiro, 2005); e Escala de socialização Parental na Adolescência (ESPA-29, Musitu & García, 2001, 2004; validada para a população portuguesa por Nunes, Luís, Lemos, & Ochoa, 2015). Os resultados demonstraram que: 1) os adolescentes entre os 11 e os 13 anos apresentam maiores níveis de afeto positivo, e menores níveis de afeto negativo, quando comparados com os adolescentes com idade superior a 14 anos; 2) O sexo feminino percebe maiores níveis de afeto em relação a ambos os progenitores quando comparados com os indivíduos do sexo masculino; 3) as variáveis diálogo e afeto apresentam uma correlação positiva entre si, enquanto a indiferença e o afeto negativo correlacionam-se negativamente entre si; 4) a idade prediz o afeto positivo e negativo; 5) a coerção verbal prediz o afeto negativo. O segundo estudo empírico apresentado denomina-se “Fratria: afetos e conflitos numa amostra de adolescentes”, sendo o seu objetivo analisar o papel dos afetos na resolução dos conflitos em irmãos, durante a adolescência. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos recorreu-se a uma amostra de 210 participantes com irmãos, com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 16 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados para alcançar os objetivos propostos foram: um Questionário sociobiográfico; a Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – versão portuguesa (PANAS, Galinha & Pais-Ribeiro, 2005); Brother-Sister Questionnaire – versão portuguesa (BSQ, Relva, Fernandes, Alarcão, Graham-Bermann & Lopes, 2016); e The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales – Sibling Version (CTS2-SP, Straus, Hamby, Finkelhor, Boney-McCoy & Sugarman, 1995. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo sintetizam-se em: 1) o sexo do participante e o número de irmãos influencia as táticas da resolução de conflitos; 2) a idade tem um peso considerável na empatia face aos irmãos; 3) é evidente a correlação existente entre o afeto positivo e a negociação e a agressão psicológica; 4) existem associações negativas entre a relação fraterna e as táticas de resolução de conflitos que envolvem o recurso à agressão; 5) a empatia é capaz de predizer o afeto positivo.
The present dissertation comprehends two empirical studies, presented below. The first study, empirical study one, is entitled “Parental socialization and affecting in adolescents” and had as main aim to study the role of positive and negative affectings in the adolescents’ perception about the parental socialization. For this purpose resorted a sample of 230 students whose ages ranged from 11 to 16 years old, was used to answer the instruments used: the sociobiographic questionnaire; a Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Portuguese version (PANAS, Galinha & Pais-Ribeiro, 2005); and parental socialization scale in the adolescence (ESPA-29, Musitu & García, 2001, 2004; validated for the Portuguese population by Nunes, Luís, Lemos & Ochoa, 2015). The results showed that: 1) adolescents aged between 11 and 13 years old present higher levels of positive affecting and lower levels of negative affecting when compared with the adolescents older than 14 years old; 2) female perceives higher levels of affecting in relation to both parents when compared with the male elements; 3) the variables of dialogue and affection have a positive correlation with each other, while the indifference and negative affection correlated negatively with each other; 4) age predicts the positive and negative affecting; 5) verbal coercion predicts the negative affection. The second empirical study presented is denominated “Siblings: affections and conflicts in a sample of adolescents”, being its aim analyses the paper of affections in the conflict resolution in siblings, during adolescence. To achieve the proposed goals a sample of 210 participants with siblings, aged between 11 and 16, was used. The instruments used to achieve the proposed objectives were: a Sociobiographic Questionnaire; a Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Portuguese version (PANAS, Galinha & Pais-Ribeiro, 2005); Brother-Sister Questionnaire – Portuguese version (BSQ, Relva, Fernandes, Alarcão, Graham-Bermann & Lopes, 2016); and The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales – Sibling Version (CTS2-SP, Straus, Hamby, Finkelhor, Boney-McCoy & Sugarman, 1995. The results obtained in this study are summarized in: 1) the sex of the participant and the number of siblings influence tactics of conflict resolution; 2) age has a considerable weight on empathy towards siblings; 3) the correlation between positive affection and negotiation and psychological aggression is evident; 4) there are negative associations between the fraternal relationship and the tactics of conflict resolution that involve the use of aggression; 5) the empathy is able to predict positive affection
The present dissertation comprehends two empirical studies, presented below. The first study, empirical study one, is entitled “Parental socialization and affecting in adolescents” and had as main aim to study the role of positive and negative affectings in the adolescents’ perception about the parental socialization. For this purpose resorted a sample of 230 students whose ages ranged from 11 to 16 years old, was used to answer the instruments used: the sociobiographic questionnaire; a Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Portuguese version (PANAS, Galinha & Pais-Ribeiro, 2005); and parental socialization scale in the adolescence (ESPA-29, Musitu & García, 2001, 2004; validated for the Portuguese population by Nunes, Luís, Lemos & Ochoa, 2015). The results showed that: 1) adolescents aged between 11 and 13 years old present higher levels of positive affecting and lower levels of negative affecting when compared with the adolescents older than 14 years old; 2) female perceives higher levels of affecting in relation to both parents when compared with the male elements; 3) the variables of dialogue and affection have a positive correlation with each other, while the indifference and negative affection correlated negatively with each other; 4) age predicts the positive and negative affecting; 5) verbal coercion predicts the negative affection. The second empirical study presented is denominated “Siblings: affections and conflicts in a sample of adolescents”, being its aim analyses the paper of affections in the conflict resolution in siblings, during adolescence. To achieve the proposed goals a sample of 210 participants with siblings, aged between 11 and 16, was used. The instruments used to achieve the proposed objectives were: a Sociobiographic Questionnaire; a Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Portuguese version (PANAS, Galinha & Pais-Ribeiro, 2005); Brother-Sister Questionnaire – Portuguese version (BSQ, Relva, Fernandes, Alarcão, Graham-Bermann & Lopes, 2016); and The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales – Sibling Version (CTS2-SP, Straus, Hamby, Finkelhor, Boney-McCoy & Sugarman, 1995. The results obtained in this study are summarized in: 1) the sex of the participant and the number of siblings influence tactics of conflict resolution; 2) age has a considerable weight on empathy towards siblings; 3) the correlation between positive affection and negotiation and psychological aggression is evident; 4) there are negative associations between the fraternal relationship and the tactics of conflict resolution that involve the use of aggression; 5) the empathy is able to predict positive affection
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
fratria , socialização parental , afeto positivo , afeto negativo , resolução de conflitos