Dificuldade da família na adaptação ao papel de prestador informal de cuidados
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2019-04-12
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Enquadramento: Este relatório resultou do estágio no âmbito do Mestrado Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar, que decorreu na Unidade de Cuidados de Saúde Personalizados de Vila Pouca de Aguiar, Extensão de Campo de Jales, com início no mês março e términos no mês de junho de 2017, com um total de 480 horas, o qual me permitiu desenvolver competências definidas no Regulamento nº 126/2011 - Regulamento das Competências Específicas em Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar. No decorrer do estágio realizamos um estudo no âmbito do papel da família, enquanto prestadores informais de cuidados. O enorme envelhecimento demográfico e o aumento dos níveis de dependência que o fenómeno do envelhecimento acarreta, obrigam as famílias a reorganizar-se para cuidar dos seus dependentes. As transições vividas podem ocasionar sobrecarga física e emocional, influenciando o desempenho adequado do papel do Prestador Informal de Cuidados. Objetivos: i) Descrever as atividades realizadas no decorrer do estágio; ii) Relacionar as atividades realizadas com as competências desenvolvidas fazendo uma reflexão critica; iii) Apresentar a metodologia, resultados, discussão e principais conclusões do estudo empírico realizado; iv) Dar resposta a uma das exigências do plano de estudos que prevê a elaboração do relatório, após a realização do estágio. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo misto, do tipo descritivo, com uma parte de abordagem quantitativa e outra parte do tipo fenomenológico, de abordagem qualitativa. A população do estudo era constituída por 22 famílias prestadoras informais de cuidados, a amostra incluiu 11 famílias prestadoras informais de cuidados. Na recolha de dados utilizamos um formulário elaborado para o efeito, que foi aplicado às famílias no diagnóstico inicial de necessidades. O tratamento de dados foi efetuado com recurso ao SPSS e à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos revelaram que os prestadores informais de cuidados são todos do género feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 18-64 anos, casados, no grau de parentesco com o dependente, predominam as filhas, noras e famílias de acolhimento, detentoras de baixo grau de escolaridade 1º e 3º c ciclo, domésticas, exercendo o papel de prestadoras informais de cuidados, no espaço de tempo, que varia entre um mês e vinte anos, e a maioria tem a seu cuidado um dependente. Maioritariamente, as famílias prestadoras informais de cuidados realizam todas as tarefas inerentes ao cuidar dos seus dependentes, tendo referido dificuldades como o dar banho, eliminação, deambulação/levantes e vestir/despir, dos seus dependentes. No que diz respeito à formação, a maioria prestava cuidados sem qualquer tipo de formação, referiu ainda que gostaria de ter formação, mas não demonstrou disponibilidade de tempo. Quanto às ajudas técnicas, a maioria tem conhecimento e utilização das mesmas. Relativamente às alterações que o papel de prestador informal de cuidados provocou na sua vida diária, todos, à exceção de uma cuidadora, referem alterações como cansaço, stresse, falta de vida social e laboral. Conclusões: A maioria das famílias prestadoras informais de cuidados não referiu dificuldades no ato de cuidar dos seus dependentes. As famílias que assinalam dificuldades, as mais sentidas foram o dar banho, eliminação, deambulação/levantes e vestir/despir, dos seus dependentes. Esta ausência de dificuldades em grande parte das famílias poderá estar relacionada com a sua experiência enquanto cuidadoras. As alterações na vida da família provocadas pelo papel de prestador informal de cuidados recaem sobretudo na limitação da vida social destas famílias, com diminuição dos seus movimentos, nas alterações físicas, sobretudo, relacionadas com o cansaço físico, muito comuns em outros estudos. Como medidas para correção das dificuldades encontradas, propõe-se a realização de formação em grupo das famílias prestadoras informais de cuidados, de caris prático, que devem ser planeadas em parceria com a Câmara Municipal, para facilitar a participação destas famílias. Este relatório descreveu as principais atividades realizadas ao longo do estágio e a reflexão sobre as competências desenvolvidas. O estágio permitiu-nos desenvolver todas as competências preconizadas pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros para esta área de especialização.
Context: The present work is the result of an intership in the Unity of Personalized Health Care of Vila Pouca de Aguiar, Extension of Campo de Jales, in the context of a master’s degree in Family Health Care Nursing, starting in May and ending in July 2007, completing 480 hours. The mentioned work allowed me to develop skills defined in the no 126/2011 Regulation – Specific skills in Family Health Nursing Regulation. Through the intership, the role of the family as informal health care provider was studied. The significant demographic aging and increase of the reliance of elderly people requires structure and organization from the families to take care of their dependents. These transitions may cause a physical and emotional burden, having an impact on the role of the Informal Health Care Provider. Goals: I) Describe the activities realized througout the internship; II) Relate the activities realized to the skills developed, making a critical consideration; III) Show the methods, results, discussion and main conclusions of the empiric study realized; IV) Satisfy one of the goals of the plan studies, which include a report based on the intership. Methods: This is a mixed study, of a descriptive kind with a quantitative approach, and of a phenomenalogic kind with a qualitative approach. The pool in studie was formed by 22 informal health care provider families. The sample included 11 informal health care providers. In order to collect the data, it was used a form for this purpose, which was applied to the families in the inicial diagnose of needs. The data processing was realized using SPSS and analizing the content. Results: The results show that all the informal health care providers are female, with a range of ages from 18 to 64 years old, married, related to the dependent, mainly daughters, daughters in law and foster families, with low level of education – 1st and 3rd cicles -, housekeepers, performing the informal health care during periods of time from one month up to twenty years, having mostly one dependent relying on them. In most cases, the informal health care families perform all the tasks related to the dependent, reporting some difficulties giving baths, vesical elimination, independent walking/getting up and dressing/undressing. Regarding formation, the majority perform the tasks without formation, altough referring they would like to have, even though they don’t have time. As far as tecnical help is concerned, the majority knows and uses them. In relation to the changes in the daily life of the informal health care providers, all of them (excepting just one informal health care provider) refer tiredness, stress and lack of social and work life. Conclusions: The majority of the informal health care provider families didn’t refer difficulties in the act of taking care of their dependents. The ones who did, refer issues giving baths, vesical eliminating, independent walking/getting up, dressing/undressing their dependents. This absence of difficulties in the majority of the families may be related to their experience while health care providers. The changes in the lives of these families, caused by providing informal health care, are mainly related with the decrease of their social life, physical symptoms, specially tiredness, also shown by other studies. As corrective measures for the difficulties found, is offered practical formation in groups of informal heath care provider families, which should be planned in cooperation with the City Hall, in order to promote the interest of these families. This report described the main activities performed throughout the internship and the reflection on the skills developed. The internship allowed me to develop all the skills advocate by the Nursing Association for this field of specialization.
Context: The present work is the result of an intership in the Unity of Personalized Health Care of Vila Pouca de Aguiar, Extension of Campo de Jales, in the context of a master’s degree in Family Health Care Nursing, starting in May and ending in July 2007, completing 480 hours. The mentioned work allowed me to develop skills defined in the no 126/2011 Regulation – Specific skills in Family Health Nursing Regulation. Through the intership, the role of the family as informal health care provider was studied. The significant demographic aging and increase of the reliance of elderly people requires structure and organization from the families to take care of their dependents. These transitions may cause a physical and emotional burden, having an impact on the role of the Informal Health Care Provider. Goals: I) Describe the activities realized througout the internship; II) Relate the activities realized to the skills developed, making a critical consideration; III) Show the methods, results, discussion and main conclusions of the empiric study realized; IV) Satisfy one of the goals of the plan studies, which include a report based on the intership. Methods: This is a mixed study, of a descriptive kind with a quantitative approach, and of a phenomenalogic kind with a qualitative approach. The pool in studie was formed by 22 informal health care provider families. The sample included 11 informal health care providers. In order to collect the data, it was used a form for this purpose, which was applied to the families in the inicial diagnose of needs. The data processing was realized using SPSS and analizing the content. Results: The results show that all the informal health care providers are female, with a range of ages from 18 to 64 years old, married, related to the dependent, mainly daughters, daughters in law and foster families, with low level of education – 1st and 3rd cicles -, housekeepers, performing the informal health care during periods of time from one month up to twenty years, having mostly one dependent relying on them. In most cases, the informal health care families perform all the tasks related to the dependent, reporting some difficulties giving baths, vesical elimination, independent walking/getting up and dressing/undressing. Regarding formation, the majority perform the tasks without formation, altough referring they would like to have, even though they don’t have time. As far as tecnical help is concerned, the majority knows and uses them. In relation to the changes in the daily life of the informal health care providers, all of them (excepting just one informal health care provider) refer tiredness, stress and lack of social and work life. Conclusions: The majority of the informal health care provider families didn’t refer difficulties in the act of taking care of their dependents. The ones who did, refer issues giving baths, vesical eliminating, independent walking/getting up, dressing/undressing their dependents. This absence of difficulties in the majority of the families may be related to their experience while health care providers. The changes in the lives of these families, caused by providing informal health care, are mainly related with the decrease of their social life, physical symptoms, specially tiredness, also shown by other studies. As corrective measures for the difficulties found, is offered practical formation in groups of informal heath care provider families, which should be planned in cooperation with the City Hall, in order to promote the interest of these families. This report described the main activities performed throughout the internship and the reflection on the skills developed. The internship allowed me to develop all the skills advocate by the Nursing Association for this field of specialization.
Descrição
Relatório de Estágio de Natureza Profissional
Palavras-chave
Famílias , Prestadores informais de cuidados , Dificuldades sentidas , Enfermagem de família