Intervenções no estilo de vida em indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos com diabetes tipo 2: exercício físico combinado com educação alimentar
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2019-08-07
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Os conhecimentos nutricionais são um dos fatores que podem influenciar a adesão a uma dieta equilibrada. No entanto, um dos maiores desafios que os indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2 encontram para o auto-controlo da diabetes é a adoção de escolhas alimentares saudáveis. Esta constatação é preocupante, uma vez que juntamente com a atividade física, a dieta é fundamental para o controlo glicémico e prevenção de patologias cardiovasculares de indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2. Desta forma, as perguntas às quais pretendemos dar resposta são as seguintes: Quais os conhecimentos nutricionais, e os seus fatores determinantes, de indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2 de meia-idade e idosos com diabetes tipo 2? Quais os efeitos de um programa de educação alimentar nos conhecimentos nutricionais em indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos com diabetes tipo 2? Quais os efeitos de um programa de educação alimentar na ingestão alimentar de indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos com diabetes tipo 2? Será que a adição de sessões de educação alimentar a um programa de exercício é benéfica na melhoria do controlo glicémico e fatores de risco cardiovasculares de indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos com diabetes tipo 2? Para responder a estas questões foram realizados vários estudos: um estudo transversal sobre os conhecimentos nutricionais e os seus fatores determinantes em indivíduos de meiaidade e idosos com diabetes tipo 2; um estudo randomizado e controlado sobre os efeitos de um programa de educação alimentar nos conhecimentos nutricionais em indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos com diabetes tipo 2; um estudo randomizado e controlado sobre os efeitos de um programa de educação alimentar na ingestão alimentar de indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2; um estudo randomizado com grupos paralelos que compara os efeitos do exercício vs. exercício acrescido de educação alimentar no controlo glicémico e fatores de risco cardiovascular de indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2. Tendo em conta os resultados dos estudos, indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos com diabetes tipo 2 apresentaram défices preocupantes nos conhecimentos nutricionais. Os principais fatores determinantes dos conhecimentos nutricionais foram a idade, rendimento individual mensal e o nível de escolaridade, com os indivíduos mais velhos, com menor rendimento individual mensal e menos anos de escola a apresentarem menos conhecimentos. Um programa comunitário de educação alimentar, com o uso de aulas de curta duração e atividades dupla-tarefa realizadas durante sessões de exercício promoveu um aumento significativo dos conhecimentos nutricionais e de alguns parâmetros da ingestão alimentar em indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos com diabetes tipo 2. A adição de um programa de educação alimentar a um programa de exercício melhorou a composição corporal de indivíduos de meiaidade e idosos com diabetes tipo 2.
Nutrition-related knowledge is one of the factors that can influence adherence to a balanced diet. However, one of the major obstacles that individuals with type 2 diabetes have for diabetes self-management is the adoption of healthy food choices. This finding is of concern, since in addition to physical activity, diet is crucial for glycemic control and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in individuals with type 2 diabetes. What are the nutrition-related knowledge and its determinants in middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes? What are the effects of a food education program on nutrition-related knowledge in middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes? What are the effects of a food education program on the dietary intake of middle-aged and older individuals with type 2 diabetes? What are the effects of an exercise program combined with food education sessions on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors of middle-aged and older individuals with type 2 diabetes? To answer these questions, several studies were conducted: a cross-sectional study that evaluates nutrition-related knowledge and its determinants in middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes; a randomized controlled trial of the effects of a food education program on nutrition-related knowledge in middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes; a randomized controlled trial of the effects of a food education program on the dietary intake of this population; a randomized parallel-group study comparing the effects of exercise vs. exercise plus food education sessions in glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors of these individuals. Given the results of the studies, middle-aged and older individuals with type 2 diabetes presented alarming deficits in nutrition-related knowledge. The main determinants of nutritionrelated knowledge were age, personal monthly income and education level. Lower nutritionrelated knowledge scores were found among those with higher age, lower personal monthly income, and lower education. A community-based food education program with the use of short-term classes and dual-task activities during exercise sessions promoted a significant increase in nutrition-related knowledge and some parameters of dietary intake in middle-aged and older individuals with type 2 diabetes when compared to a control group.. The addition of a food education program to an exercise program brings benefits to cardiovascular risk factors of middle-aged and older individuals with type 2 diabetes
Nutrition-related knowledge is one of the factors that can influence adherence to a balanced diet. However, one of the major obstacles that individuals with type 2 diabetes have for diabetes self-management is the adoption of healthy food choices. This finding is of concern, since in addition to physical activity, diet is crucial for glycemic control and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in individuals with type 2 diabetes. What are the nutrition-related knowledge and its determinants in middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes? What are the effects of a food education program on nutrition-related knowledge in middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes? What are the effects of a food education program on the dietary intake of middle-aged and older individuals with type 2 diabetes? What are the effects of an exercise program combined with food education sessions on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors of middle-aged and older individuals with type 2 diabetes? To answer these questions, several studies were conducted: a cross-sectional study that evaluates nutrition-related knowledge and its determinants in middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes; a randomized controlled trial of the effects of a food education program on nutrition-related knowledge in middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes; a randomized controlled trial of the effects of a food education program on the dietary intake of this population; a randomized parallel-group study comparing the effects of exercise vs. exercise plus food education sessions in glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors of these individuals. Given the results of the studies, middle-aged and older individuals with type 2 diabetes presented alarming deficits in nutrition-related knowledge. The main determinants of nutritionrelated knowledge were age, personal monthly income and education level. Lower nutritionrelated knowledge scores were found among those with higher age, lower personal monthly income, and lower education. A community-based food education program with the use of short-term classes and dual-task activities during exercise sessions promoted a significant increase in nutrition-related knowledge and some parameters of dietary intake in middle-aged and older individuals with type 2 diabetes when compared to a control group.. The addition of a food education program to an exercise program brings benefits to cardiovascular risk factors of middle-aged and older individuals with type 2 diabetes
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto
Palavras-chave
Conhecimentos nutricionais , Exercício físico