Toxocarose em cães e gatos domésticos: estudo de casos clínicos e importância em saúde pública
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2019-09-25
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A toxocarose é uma doença com potencial zoonótico sendo, por isso, importante a realização de um rápido diagnóstico de forma, não só a proteger o animal, como os seres humanos. Adicionalmente, esta doença apresenta elevadas prevalências em vários países, sendo importante conhecer o ciclo de vida destes parasitas, os métodos de pesquisa e identificação, tratamento e medidas preventivas e de controlo. A espécie responsável pela toxocarose no cão é Toxocara canis e no gato T. cati. Os cães podem infetar-se por via placentária e galactófora, ou no período pós-natal após ingestão de ovos com larvas de estádio 2 (L2). No gato, o ciclo de vida de T. cati é muito semelhante a T. canis mas não ocorre a migração placentária, ocorrendo mais frequentemente a migração transmamária. Adicionalmente, e devido aos hábitos de caça dos gatos, também é possível a transmissão por hospedeiros paraténicos. Após fecundação os ovos são excretados com as fezes do hospedeiro definitivo, contaminando o ambiente Estes parasitas apresentam um perigo para a população humana, não só por apresentarem uma capacidade de infeção dos mesmos, mas também pela sua distribuição ubíqua acabam por ser um potencial perigo para os humanos. Por isto é importante o conhecimento dos sinais clínicos quando este parasita está presente, delinear os comportamentos de risco que podem levar à infeção e como evitarmos esses comportamentos. No presente estudo, e possuindo Toxocara potencial zoonótico, sendo portanto um risco para a saúde pública, foi realizado junto dos tutores um questionário de forma a tentar encontrar potenciais fatores predisponentes que contribuem para a sua disseminação, bem como medidas para a prevenção da doença, tanto nos animais como nas pessoas. Durante o período de estágio foram identificados seis casos de toxocarose. Este trabalho demonstra que animais mais suscetíveis (jovens e geriátricos) com acesso ao exterior apresentam maior possibilidade de infeção e sinais clínicos e como estes evoluem em animais com o parasita. Também aborda como os comportamentos de risco e a falta de uma boa higiene (devido a falta de conhecimento dos mesmos) leva a um aumento do perigo tanto para os animais como para a saúde pública, embora não tenha havido pessoas com sintomatologia compatível com a síndrome larvar migratória.
Toxocariosis is a disease with zoonotic potential, therefore it is important do a quick and fast diagnosis in a way, not only to protect animals, but also humans. Additionality, this disease has a high prevalence in several countries, so it is important to know the life cycle of this parasites, the methods to identify and diagnose the parasite, the treatment, preventive measures and controls measures The species responsible for toxocariosis in dogs is Toxocara canis and in cats is Toxocara cati. Dogs are infected by the placenta, transmammary or by the ingestion of eggs with larval stage 2 (L2). In the cat, the life cycle is very similar to T. canis, but there is no migration through the placenta, but it is more frequently done through the transmammary route. Additionally, and because of the hunting nature of cats, it is more common to be infected through paratenic hosts. After the fecundation of the eggs, they are excreted through the feces of the definitive host, contaminating the environment. These parasites jeopardize the human population, not only because of their ability to infect humans, but also because they have a globalized distribution, becoming therefore a danger to humans. It is important to know the clinical signs that this parasite can cause, which risk behaviors can lead to the infection of this parasites and how to avoid these behaviors. In this study, being that Toxocara has a zoonotic potential, it becomes a risk in a public health aspects, therefore it was made a questionnaire in order to learn the predisposing factors that contribute to the dissemination as well as ways to prevent the disease, both in animals and in humans. During the internship period there were identified six cases of toxocariosis. This work demonstrates that susceptible animals (young and geriatric) with access to the exterior have a higher chance of infection by the parasite and what is the clinical features that appear in animals that contract it. It also shows that risk behaviors and lack of hygiene contribute to enhancing the danger both for animals and for humans, even though there were no cases where humans had clinical signs compatible with migrating larvae syndrome.
Toxocariosis is a disease with zoonotic potential, therefore it is important do a quick and fast diagnosis in a way, not only to protect animals, but also humans. Additionality, this disease has a high prevalence in several countries, so it is important to know the life cycle of this parasites, the methods to identify and diagnose the parasite, the treatment, preventive measures and controls measures The species responsible for toxocariosis in dogs is Toxocara canis and in cats is Toxocara cati. Dogs are infected by the placenta, transmammary or by the ingestion of eggs with larval stage 2 (L2). In the cat, the life cycle is very similar to T. canis, but there is no migration through the placenta, but it is more frequently done through the transmammary route. Additionally, and because of the hunting nature of cats, it is more common to be infected through paratenic hosts. After the fecundation of the eggs, they are excreted through the feces of the definitive host, contaminating the environment. These parasites jeopardize the human population, not only because of their ability to infect humans, but also because they have a globalized distribution, becoming therefore a danger to humans. It is important to know the clinical signs that this parasite can cause, which risk behaviors can lead to the infection of this parasites and how to avoid these behaviors. In this study, being that Toxocara has a zoonotic potential, it becomes a risk in a public health aspects, therefore it was made a questionnaire in order to learn the predisposing factors that contribute to the dissemination as well as ways to prevent the disease, both in animals and in humans. During the internship period there were identified six cases of toxocariosis. This work demonstrates that susceptible animals (young and geriatric) with access to the exterior have a higher chance of infection by the parasite and what is the clinical features that appear in animals that contract it. It also shows that risk behaviors and lack of hygiene contribute to enhancing the danger both for animals and for humans, even though there were no cases where humans had clinical signs compatible with migrating larvae syndrome.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
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animais de companhia , prevenção