A eficácia de um programa complementar de treino metacognitivo para lutadores de mixed martial arts
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2019-10-30
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O presente estudo foi realizado para responder à seguinte questão: o treino neuromotor de metacognição de lutadores influencia o desempenho técnico-tático numa situação de finalização em Mixed Martial Arts (MMA)? Participaram desse estudo 20 lutadores de MMA do sexo masculino de uma academia de lutas no Brasil, com média de idade de 19.07±5.93 anos, massa corporal média de 67.05±3.68 Kg e com mais de 5 anos de prática. Assim, foram divididos de forma randômica em 2 grupos, que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão do estudo: Grupo Controle (GC), constituído de 10 lutadores que apenas realizaram seu treinamento normal; e o Grupo Experimental (GE), constituído de 10 lutadores que foram submetidos a um treinamento metacognitivo, além dos seus treinos diários. Para a consecução do objetivo desse estudo, inicialmente os atletas foram avaliados pelo questionário de autoeficácia metacognitiva para atletas (QAEMA), proposto por Correa (2009), e, posteriormente, passaram por uma avaliação qualitativa da performance na situação Ground and Pound (GNP), a partir de um protocolo de observação proposto por Pitanga, Senna & Carneiro (2011). Ambas as avaliações ocorreram antes e depois do período de 40 sessões de intervenção que, para os participantes do grupo controle, consistiram na realização dos treinamentos diários. Para com o grupo experimental, no adicionamento de um programa neuromotor de treinamento de 40 sessões. Nossos resultados foram obtidos a partir da avaliação da capacidade do atleta em perceber-se como sujeito metacognitivo em sua prática cotidiana ou, mais precisamente, em sua autoeficácia metacognitiva (AEM) na própria ambiência da luta de Mixed Martial Arts. Os atletas participantes do grupo experimental (GE) produziram inicialmente um desempenho médio igual a 20.70 pontos. Isso ocorreu porque apenas 20% dos atletas obtiveram uma alta autoeficácia metacognitiva (AEM), enquanto que 50% dos atletas apresentaram uma média AEM e 30% uma baixa AEM. Para identificar a amplitude e a direção da diferença entre os grupos em relação à autoeficácia metacognitiva avaliada no QAEMA, a comparação GE x GC comprovou uma melhor evolução na capacidade das atividades cognitivas para solucionar problemas relacionados ao treinamento da luta de MMA, dos atletas integrantes do grupo experimental (F= 45.35; p= 0.001). O GE também revelou uma superioridade em relação aos atletas do GC no desempenho do referido golpe (F= 3.86; p= 0.02). Conclui-se, assim, haver superioridade no grupo testado.
This study was designed to address the following issue: could the metacognition neuromotor training’ of MIX MARTIAL ARTS (MMA) fighters influence the technical-tactical performance in a fight-ending scenario? Twenty Mix Martial Arts male athletes took part in this study. They are from a fight academy in Brazil, age average of 19.07± 5.93 years, weight average of 67.05±3.68 kilograms and more than 5 years of practice. Thus, they were divided randomly into two groups acording to those inclusion criteria: Control Group (CG), which is made of ten (10) athletes each that only maintained their normal training; and Experimental Group (EG), made of ten (10) athletes that were submitted to a metacognitive training beside their daily trainings. In order to fulfill the purpose of this study, the athletes were initially evaluated through the metacognitive efficacy questionnaire for athletes – QAEMA proposed by Correa (2009). They were later submitted to a qualitative performance evaluation in ground and pound situation, accordingly to the observation protocol proposed by Pitanga, Senna & Carneiro (2011). Both evaluations occurred pre and post 40 sessions of intervention. Our results were submitted by the capacity of self perception as a metacognitive subject on their daily practice, or more precisely in his/her metacognitive self-effectiveness (MSE) in the Mix Martial Arts fight context. The participant athletes of the Experimental Group initially presented an average performance equal to 20.70 points. It was observed that only 20% of the athletes got a high metacognitive self-effectiveness, while 50% showed an average AEM and 30% showed a low AEM. In order to identify the extent and the direction of the difference between the groups in relation to their metacognitive self-effectiveness, it was used the QAEMA; when comparing EG X CG it was proved a better evolution in the capacity of cognitive activities to solve problems related to MMA fight training, it was evident in the experimental group. Hence there were superiority in the group tested.
This study was designed to address the following issue: could the metacognition neuromotor training’ of MIX MARTIAL ARTS (MMA) fighters influence the technical-tactical performance in a fight-ending scenario? Twenty Mix Martial Arts male athletes took part in this study. They are from a fight academy in Brazil, age average of 19.07± 5.93 years, weight average of 67.05±3.68 kilograms and more than 5 years of practice. Thus, they were divided randomly into two groups acording to those inclusion criteria: Control Group (CG), which is made of ten (10) athletes each that only maintained their normal training; and Experimental Group (EG), made of ten (10) athletes that were submitted to a metacognitive training beside their daily trainings. In order to fulfill the purpose of this study, the athletes were initially evaluated through the metacognitive efficacy questionnaire for athletes – QAEMA proposed by Correa (2009). They were later submitted to a qualitative performance evaluation in ground and pound situation, accordingly to the observation protocol proposed by Pitanga, Senna & Carneiro (2011). Both evaluations occurred pre and post 40 sessions of intervention. Our results were submitted by the capacity of self perception as a metacognitive subject on their daily practice, or more precisely in his/her metacognitive self-effectiveness (MSE) in the Mix Martial Arts fight context. The participant athletes of the Experimental Group initially presented an average performance equal to 20.70 points. It was observed that only 20% of the athletes got a high metacognitive self-effectiveness, while 50% showed an average AEM and 30% showed a low AEM. In order to identify the extent and the direction of the difference between the groups in relation to their metacognitive self-effectiveness, it was used the QAEMA; when comparing EG X CG it was proved a better evolution in the capacity of cognitive activities to solve problems related to MMA fight training, it was evident in the experimental group. Hence there were superiority in the group tested.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto
Palavras-chave
Desporto de Combate , Artes Marciais