Acessibilidade nas aplicações móveis no setor do turismo
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2019-12-20
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Com a crescente utilização dos smartphones na vida quotidiana das pessoas, a Acessibilidade Móvel passou a constituir um fator fundamental para estas. O setor do turismo é um dos setores que mais beneficiou deste crescimento, mas ainda não conseguiu alcançar o seu máximo potencial, uma vez que a acessibilidade ainda não foi totalmente explorada. O presente estudo constitui uma contribuição para avaliar a acessibilidade das aplicações móveis no setor do turismo, tendo em conta as recomendações WCAG 2.1, as Boas Práticas da Apple e da Google e de outros estudos sobre a temática. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão aprofundada da literatura sobre o tema. Posteriormente, foram selecionadas ferramentas que permitissem realizar uma avaliação automática e completa da acessibilidade das aplicações móveis selecionadas para o estudo. Como apenas foi encontrada uma ferramenta no sistema operativo Android que permite efetuar um teste a alguns pontos de acessibilidade, tornou-se imprescindível a realização de uma avaliação manual. Esta avaliação foi concretizada através das funcionalidades e ferramentas presentes nos sistemas operativos móveis, nomeadamente o TalkBack e a Accessibility Scanner no caso do Android e o VoiceOver e o Pixel Picker no caso do iOS. De modo a obter uma avaliação mais aprofundada da acessibilidade das aplicações móveis selecionadas, foi empregue uma avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa. Como tal, foi utilizada uma escala de Likert (de 1 a 7) e uma análise descritiva do comportamento dos requisitos e das consequências inerentes a este. Através dos resultados obtidos nas questões quantitativas foi possível concluir que existem resultados insatisfatórios de acessibilidade nas aplicações avaliadas. Em relação aos requisitos qualitativos, constatou-se que nenhuma das aplicações cumpre na totalidade as normas de acessibilidade. Assim sendo, podemos afirmar que existe um número global de erros e incumprimentos elevados das normas de acessibilidade por parte do setor do Turismo para as suas aplicações móveis.
With the increasing use of smartphones in people's daily lives, Mobile Accessibility has become a key factor for them. The tourism sector is one of the sectors that has benefited the most from this growth but has not yet reached its full potential as accessibility has not yet been fully exploited. This study contributes to evaluate the accessibility of mobile applications in the tourism sector, taking into account the WCAG 2.1 recommendations, Apple and Google Good Practices and other studies on the subject. To this end, a thorough review of the literature on the subject was performed. Subsequently, tools were selected to allow an automatic and complete assessement of the accessibility of the mobile applications selected for the study. Since only one tool was found in the Android operating system that allows a test to be made to some accessibility points, it was essential to perform a manual evaluation. This evaluation was accomplished through the features and tools present in mobile operating systems, namely TalkBack and Accessibility Scanner for Android and VoiceOver and Pixel Picker for iOS. In order to further assess the accessibility of selected mobile applications, a quantitative and qualitative assessment was employed. As such, a Likert scale (from 1 to 7) and a descriptive analysis of the behavior of the requirements and their inherent consequences were used. Through the results obtained in the quantitative questions it was possible to conclude that there are unsatisfactory results of accessibility in the evaluated applications. Regarding the qualitative requirements, it was found that none of the applications fully comply with accessibility standards. Therefore, we can state that there is a global number of errors and high non-compliance with accessibility standards by the tourism industry for its mobile applications.
With the increasing use of smartphones in people's daily lives, Mobile Accessibility has become a key factor for them. The tourism sector is one of the sectors that has benefited the most from this growth but has not yet reached its full potential as accessibility has not yet been fully exploited. This study contributes to evaluate the accessibility of mobile applications in the tourism sector, taking into account the WCAG 2.1 recommendations, Apple and Google Good Practices and other studies on the subject. To this end, a thorough review of the literature on the subject was performed. Subsequently, tools were selected to allow an automatic and complete assessement of the accessibility of the mobile applications selected for the study. Since only one tool was found in the Android operating system that allows a test to be made to some accessibility points, it was essential to perform a manual evaluation. This evaluation was accomplished through the features and tools present in mobile operating systems, namely TalkBack and Accessibility Scanner for Android and VoiceOver and Pixel Picker for iOS. In order to further assess the accessibility of selected mobile applications, a quantitative and qualitative assessment was employed. As such, a Likert scale (from 1 to 7) and a descriptive analysis of the behavior of the requirements and their inherent consequences were used. Through the results obtained in the quantitative questions it was possible to conclude that there are unsatisfactory results of accessibility in the evaluated applications. Regarding the qualitative requirements, it was found that none of the applications fully comply with accessibility standards. Therefore, we can state that there is a global number of errors and high non-compliance with accessibility standards by the tourism industry for its mobile applications.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Informática