Avaliação integrada da fileira de produção de coelho de engorda: da biossegurança na exploração à avaliação post mortem no matadouro
Data
2019-02-16
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A produção cunícola em Portugal é caracterizada como um negócio familiar, que tende para a modernização e profissionalização, dependendo cada vez mais de explorações modernas para assegurar o fornecimento para as grandes superfícies comerciais. Assegurar uma produção segura e economicamente viável de um elevado número de coelhos depende da aplicação consistente e adequada de medidas de prevenção e higiene, estando a sua negligência associada a uma rápida subida nas taxas de mortalidade da exploração, comprometendo o bem-estar animal e a viabilidade do negócio. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo verificar a implementação das medidas de biossegurança, higiene e maneio em explorações cunícolas no Norte de Portugal, e a sua associação com a ocorrência de doenças e as causas de reprovação em matadouro. A principal falha de biossegurança detetada foi a inexistência de quarentena, para animais recém-chegados, na totalidade das explorações, assim como a obrigatoriedade do duche e uso de vestuário exclusivo da exploração em apenas 16,67% das explorações visitadas. Como resultados positivos destaca-se a vacinação, controlo de pragas e realização do vazio sanitário na totalidade das explorações. Na inspeção visual realizada em 14 jaulas de cada exploração, escolhidas aleatoriamente, foram detetadas lesões e sinais de doença, sendo a principal doença presente as dermatofitoses/tinha (83,33%), seguido dos espirros (5,94%), ferimentos (2,74%), magreza (2,05%) e torcicolos/infeção ouvido médio (1,60%). Durante o acompanhamento do ato de inspeção sanitária post-mortem foi registada uma taxa de reprovação total de carcaças de 0,94%, de um total de 23716 coelhos avaliados, sendo as principais causas de reprovação os abcessos subcutâneos (64,41%), a caquexia (34,23%), as carcaças febris (9,46%) e as pneumonias (8,11%). Neste estudo destaca-se a associação entre a existência de balneários e de antecâmara de preparação do ar com a idade dos pavilhões (p=0,0301 e p=0,0140 respetivamente), assim como a inexistência de antecâmara para preparação do ar no pavilhão e a reprovação de carcaças por pneumonia purulenta (p=0,0209). A entrada de novos animais está associada com a contabilização de coelhos com dermatofitoses (p=0,0393). Os resultados obtidos no decorrer deste trabalho realçam a importância e influência das diferentes medidas de biossegurança e das boas práticas de maneio executadas na exploração, assim como das características estruturais, na incidência de doenças na exploração e nas taxas de reprovação das carcaças em matadouro. O fluxo de informações entre as explorações e matadouros poderá mostrar-se fundamental na garantia da saúde e bem-estar animal, assim como da saúde pública.
Rabbit meat production in Portugal is characterized as a family business that leans to modernization and professionalization, increasingly relying on modern farms to guarantee or provide for large commercial enterprises. Ensuring safe and economically viable production of a large number of rabbits depends on consistent and appropriate implementation of preventive and hygiene measures, being their neglect associated with the rise in farm mortality rates, compromising animal welfare and business viability. The main objective of this work is to verify the implementation of biosecurity, hygiene and management measures in rabbit farms in northern Portugal, and their association with the occurrence of diseases and causes of meat rejection in the slaughterhouse. The main results to be highlighted are the lack of quarantine, for new animals, in all the rabbit farms; and the obligatory shower and the use of exclusive clothing of the holding in only 16.67%. As positive results we include the implementation of vaccination, pest control and sanitation in all the farms visited. During the visual inspection performed in 14 cages, randomly chosen, 438 (31.92%) fattening rabbits were detected with alterations and signs of disease. The main cause was dermatophytosis (83.33%), followed by sneezing. (5.94%), injuries (2.74%), thinness (2.05%) and torticollis/ middle ear infection (1.60%). During the post-mortem sanitary inspection follow-up, a total carcass disapproval rate of 0.94% out of a total of 23716 rabbits was recorded, the main causes of disapproval being subcutaneous abscesses (64.41%), cachexia (34.23%), febrile carcass (9.46%) and pneumonia (8.11%). This study highlights the association between the existence of changing rooms and anteroom with the buildings age (p = 0.0301 and p = 0.0140 respectively), as well as the absence of anteroom for preparing the air in the pavilion and carcass disapproval for purulent pneumonia (p = 0.0209). The entry of new animals is associated with the accounting of rabbits with dermatophytosis (p = 0.0393). The results obtained during this work highlight the importance and influence of the different biosecurity measures and the good management practices performed on the farm, as well as the structural characteristics, the incidence of diseases on the farm and the failure rates of slaughter carcasses. The flow of information between farms and slaughterhouses may prove to be fundamental in ensuring animal health and welfare, as well as public health.
Rabbit meat production in Portugal is characterized as a family business that leans to modernization and professionalization, increasingly relying on modern farms to guarantee or provide for large commercial enterprises. Ensuring safe and economically viable production of a large number of rabbits depends on consistent and appropriate implementation of preventive and hygiene measures, being their neglect associated with the rise in farm mortality rates, compromising animal welfare and business viability. The main objective of this work is to verify the implementation of biosecurity, hygiene and management measures in rabbit farms in northern Portugal, and their association with the occurrence of diseases and causes of meat rejection in the slaughterhouse. The main results to be highlighted are the lack of quarantine, for new animals, in all the rabbit farms; and the obligatory shower and the use of exclusive clothing of the holding in only 16.67%. As positive results we include the implementation of vaccination, pest control and sanitation in all the farms visited. During the visual inspection performed in 14 cages, randomly chosen, 438 (31.92%) fattening rabbits were detected with alterations and signs of disease. The main cause was dermatophytosis (83.33%), followed by sneezing. (5.94%), injuries (2.74%), thinness (2.05%) and torticollis/ middle ear infection (1.60%). During the post-mortem sanitary inspection follow-up, a total carcass disapproval rate of 0.94% out of a total of 23716 rabbits was recorded, the main causes of disapproval being subcutaneous abscesses (64.41%), cachexia (34.23%), febrile carcass (9.46%) and pneumonia (8.11%). This study highlights the association between the existence of changing rooms and anteroom with the buildings age (p = 0.0301 and p = 0.0140 respectively), as well as the absence of anteroom for preparing the air in the pavilion and carcass disapproval for purulent pneumonia (p = 0.0209). The entry of new animals is associated with the accounting of rabbits with dermatophytosis (p = 0.0393). The results obtained during this work highlight the importance and influence of the different biosecurity measures and the good management practices performed on the farm, as well as the structural characteristics, the incidence of diseases on the farm and the failure rates of slaughter carcasses. The flow of information between farms and slaughterhouses may prove to be fundamental in ensuring animal health and welfare, as well as public health.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Biossegurança , profilaxia