Atividade física diária e qualidade do sono em indivíduos com mais de 40 anos
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2019-11-30
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O processo de envelhecimento é uma transformação comum e distinta para todos os indivíduos, criando modificações na qualidade e quantidade do sono e afetando a sua estrutura, proporção e distribuição. Os distúrbios do sono são cada vez mais prevalentes causando esgotamento, depressão, hipertensão, etc. que afetam a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. A literatura tem mostrado que o exercício físico parece ter um papel fundamental, como tratamento não farmacológico, no aumento da qualidade do sono. Porém, existem ainda poucos estudos realizados que investiguem o efeito que este tem na qualidade do sono, na população portuguesa. É por este motivo que esta investigação tem como principal objetivo analisar o impacto da atividade física diária na qualidade do sono em indivíduos com mais de 40 anos. A amostra foi composta por 211 pessoas que praticam e não praticam exercício físico, com idades compreendidas entre os 40 e os 94 anos. Os instrumentos de recolha de dados utilizados foram o ÍNDICE DE QUALIDADE DO SONO DE PITTSBURGH, O QUESTIONÁRIO INTERNACIONAL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA (IPAQ), O INVENTÁRIO DE DEPRESSÃO DE BECK II E O BRIEF VERSION OF WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION QUALITY OF LIFE QUESTIONNAIRE (WHOQOL-BREF). Como principais resultados, verificou-se que os distúrbios do sono estão mais presentes no género feminino, aumentam com a idade e acentuam com o aumento do peso, do índice de massa corporal e do perímetro da cintura. Encontraram-se evidências que uma pior qualidade do sono se associa a uma menor qualidade de vida, menor perceção de saúde e à depressão. Pode-se concluir, que a atividade física não tem impacto na qualidade do sono. Contudo, foram encontradas evidências que este pode ter um efeito indireto na qualidade do sono, uma vez que leva à diminuição do consumo de medicamentos para dormir, o que beneficia a saúde. Sugerese a realização de mais pesquisas e avaliações objetivas da atividade física e sua relação com as várias componentes do sono.
The aging process is a common and distinct transformation for all individuals, creating changes in the quality and quantity of sleep and affecting its structure, proportion and distribution. Sleep disorders are becoming more prevalent in the world, causing exhaustion, depression, hypertension, etc. that affect the quality of life of individuals. The literature has shown that physical activity seems to play a fundamental role, as a non-pharmacological treatment, in improving sleep quality. However, there are a few studies that investigate, in middle age and in the elderly, the effect that physical activity has on sleep quality in the Portuguese population. This is why this research aims to analyze the impact of daily physical activity on sleep quality in individuals over 40 years. A sample consisted of 211 people who practiced and didn’t practice physical exercises, aged between 40 and 94 years. The data collection instruments used were the PITTSBURGH HEALTH QUALITY INDEX (PSQI), THE INTERNATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE (IPAQ), THE BECK II DEPRESSION INVENTOR AND THE BRIEF VERSION OF WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION QUALITY OF LIFE QUESTIONNAIRE (WHOQOL). As main results, it was found that sleep disorders are more present in females, increased with age and accentuated with weight gain, body mass index and waist circumference. Evidence was found that poorer sleep quality is associated with poorer quality of life, poorer health perception, and depression. It can be concluded that physical activity has no impact on sleep quality. However, evidence has been found that it can have an indirect effect on sleep quality, as it leads to a decrease in the use of sleeping pills, which benefits health. Further research and objective assessments of physical activity and its relationship to the various components of sleep are suggested.
The aging process is a common and distinct transformation for all individuals, creating changes in the quality and quantity of sleep and affecting its structure, proportion and distribution. Sleep disorders are becoming more prevalent in the world, causing exhaustion, depression, hypertension, etc. that affect the quality of life of individuals. The literature has shown that physical activity seems to play a fundamental role, as a non-pharmacological treatment, in improving sleep quality. However, there are a few studies that investigate, in middle age and in the elderly, the effect that physical activity has on sleep quality in the Portuguese population. This is why this research aims to analyze the impact of daily physical activity on sleep quality in individuals over 40 years. A sample consisted of 211 people who practiced and didn’t practice physical exercises, aged between 40 and 94 years. The data collection instruments used were the PITTSBURGH HEALTH QUALITY INDEX (PSQI), THE INTERNATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE (IPAQ), THE BECK II DEPRESSION INVENTOR AND THE BRIEF VERSION OF WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION QUALITY OF LIFE QUESTIONNAIRE (WHOQOL). As main results, it was found that sleep disorders are more present in females, increased with age and accentuated with weight gain, body mass index and waist circumference. Evidence was found that poorer sleep quality is associated with poorer quality of life, poorer health perception, and depression. It can be concluded that physical activity has no impact on sleep quality. However, evidence has been found that it can have an indirect effect on sleep quality, as it leads to a decrease in the use of sleeping pills, which benefits health. Further research and objective assessments of physical activity and its relationship to the various components of sleep are suggested.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Gerontologia: Atividade Física e Saúde no Idoso
Palavras-chave
envelhecimento , atividade física diária