Avaliação do potencial de energia das ondas no Atlântico Norte num contexto de alterações climáticas
Data
2020-02-07
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A energia é a chave para o desenvolvimento económico e social. Desenvolvimento esse que causa um aumento crescente do consumo de energia elétrica no mundo. De forma a que seja possível colmatar esta procura de energia, as fontes de energia tradicionais não podem ser a única solução viável uma vez que são as principais responsáveis pelos diversos problemas ambientais, como a emissão de dióxido de carbono para a atmosfera.
Deste modo é urgente desenvolver novas formas de produção de energia que sejam sustentáveis e não prejudiciais ao meio ambiente. Existem diversas alternativas às formas convencionais de produção de energia elétrica, tais como a energia hídrica, eólica, solar e a energia dos oceanos. Assim uma das formas de energia dos oceanos capaz de contribuir para a redução da utilização de combustíveis fosseis é a energia das ondas.
Nesta dissertação é avaliado o potencial energético das ondas, bem como a altura média e o período médio da onda no Atlântico Norte, tendo em conta quatro pontos ao longo da costa de Portugal continental e duas localizações nas ilhas. Após a análise dos valores de potencial energético e da sua variabilidade nos vários pontos em estudo, verifica-se que é o local perto do canhão da Nazaré (ponto B) aquele que apresenta valores médios de potencial energético mais elevados - como exemplo refira-se o ano de 2014 onde temos valores de 42,60 kW/m nesse ponto B. Contudo esta localização torna bastante complicada a instalação de um Conversor de Energia das Ondas (CEO) neste sítio, apesar de apresentar valores de potencial bastante interessantes.
A localização de Portugal na Europa permite ter um acesso privilegiado ao recurso de energia das ondas, com valores de cerca de 1530,3 TW h/ano, o que face aos outros locais em estudo coloca Portugal como a terceira região com maior potencial de energia das ondas disponível.
Tendo em conta as tendências do aumento dos gazes de estufa na atmosfera, agravando a ocorrência de fenómenos extremos. Prevê-se um aumento de 2,95% no total de energia das ondas, que no imediato não se mostra muito significativo. Contudo, no caso de um parque de produção de energia das ondas ao fim de 10 anos, este aumento será bastante significativo
Energy is the key to economic and social development. This development is causing a growing increase in electricity consumption in the world. In order to meet this energy demand, traditional energy sources cannot be the only viable solution as they are primarily responsible for various environmental problems such as the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It is therefore urgent to develop new forms of energy production that are sustainable and not harmful to the environment. There are several alternatives to conventional forms of electricity production. Such as hydro, wind, solar and ocean energy. Thus, one of the forms of ocean energy that can contribute to reducing the use of fossil fuels is wave energy. This work evaluates the energy potential of the waves, as well as the average wave height and average wave period in the North Atlantic, considering four points along the coast of mainland Portugal and two on the islands. After an analysis of the energy potential values and its variability at the various points of the study, one verifies that it is the location near the Nazaré Canyon (point B) that has the highest average energy potential values. As an example, we can refer to the year 2014 when we have values of 42.60 kW/m at this point B. However, this location becomes quite complicated to install a Wave Energy Converters (CEO) on this site, despite having very interesting potential values. Portugal's location in Europe allows privileged access to the wave energy resource, with values of around 1530.3 TW h / year, which in comparison with the other places under study places Portugal as the third region with the greatest energy potential available waves. Considering trends in the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, aggravating the occurrence of extreme phenomena. It is expected a 2.95% increase in the total wave energy, which is not immediately significant. However, in the case of a wave energy production park after 10 years, this increase will be quite significant.
Energy is the key to economic and social development. This development is causing a growing increase in electricity consumption in the world. In order to meet this energy demand, traditional energy sources cannot be the only viable solution as they are primarily responsible for various environmental problems such as the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It is therefore urgent to develop new forms of energy production that are sustainable and not harmful to the environment. There are several alternatives to conventional forms of electricity production. Such as hydro, wind, solar and ocean energy. Thus, one of the forms of ocean energy that can contribute to reducing the use of fossil fuels is wave energy. This work evaluates the energy potential of the waves, as well as the average wave height and average wave period in the North Atlantic, considering four points along the coast of mainland Portugal and two on the islands. After an analysis of the energy potential values and its variability at the various points of the study, one verifies that it is the location near the Nazaré Canyon (point B) that has the highest average energy potential values. As an example, we can refer to the year 2014 when we have values of 42.60 kW/m at this point B. However, this location becomes quite complicated to install a Wave Energy Converters (CEO) on this site, despite having very interesting potential values. Portugal's location in Europe allows privileged access to the wave energy resource, with values of around 1530.3 TW h / year, which in comparison with the other places under study places Portugal as the third region with the greatest energy potential available waves. Considering trends in the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, aggravating the occurrence of extreme phenomena. It is expected a 2.95% increase in the total wave energy, which is not immediately significant. However, in the case of a wave energy production park after 10 years, this increase will be quite significant.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia das Energias Renováveis
Palavras-chave
Energias renováveis , Energia dos Oceanos