Educação Ambiental - Práticas Sustentáveis na Gestão de Resíduos de um Eco-Campus: O caso da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão.
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2020-07-03
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A presente dissertação com o tema ³Educaomo Ambiental - Práticas Sustentáveis na Gestão de Resíduos de um Eco-Campus: o caso da Universidade Estadual do Maranhmo´, pretende retratar a experiência acumulada pela universidade, enquanto órgão público com preocupações sobre a sustentabilidade nos campi, gestão ambiental e consumo consciente dos recursos naturais, através da execução do Sistema de Gestão Ambiental Institucional. Como órgão executor, a Assessoria de Gestão Ambiental, criada pela Reitoria da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão tem a missão de desenvolver o Sistema de Gestão Ambiental Institucional, envolvendo todos os segmentos da universidade na resolução dos problemas socioambientais. Neste contexto, procedeu-se à implantação de três programas: Educação para a Sustentabilidade; Impactos Ambientais nos Campi da universidade e Certificação Ambiental. Surge assim, como objeto central desta dissertação, o percurso da Assessoria de Gestão Ambiental, ao longo de quatros anos da minha atividade profissional (2015 a 2018), indissociável da evolução dos projetos desenvolvidos, recorrendo à Educação Ambiental, como ferramenta essencial ao desenvolvimento de práticas ambientais sustentáveis, de uma cultura para a sustentabilidade institucional e colocando a universidade no rumo do reconhecimento público e da certificação ambiental. Cada projeto foi retratado e discutido segundo a solução encontrada e o impacto que se pretendia minimizar. Desta forma, e decorrente do desenvolvimento dos projetos ambientais obtiveram-se múltiplos resultados. No projeto ³Nosso Papel´ foram recolhidos 21.194,59kg, com benefícios distintos. Até o final de 2016 rendeu 1.116,15 reais, como bónus na conta de energia de sete instituições filantrópicas de São Luís, enquanto que, de 2017 até 2018, foram encaminhados 11.350kg de papel ao Ecoponto Solidário da UEMA, gerando renda para cerca de 20 famílias. Com o projeto ³Gestmo de Restduos no Restaurante Universitário´, evitou-se o uso de mais de 2 milhões e 300 mil copos descartáveis, até ao presente, e mais importante ainda, tendo evitado o seu descarte, provavelmente, indevido. Conseguiu-se eliminar o plástico do restaurante e incluir frutas como sobremesa diária. Com a gestão do resíduo orgânico produzido atingiu-se o valor total de 163.707,60kg, recolhidos desde 2015 até 2018. Entre 2017 e 2018 foram direcionados 6.038kg de resíduo verde para o projeto paralelo de Compostagem, executado na Fazenda Escola de São Luís, tendo gerado, apenas no ano de 2018, cerca de 2.000kg de adubo orgânico. Complementarmente, foram também destinados quase 112.000kg de resíduos orgânicos à alimentação animal de suinicultura, durante este período. A separação e encaminhamento das garrafas PET produzidas no restaurante renderam um valor próximo de 4.600 reais, para o ³Lar de José´, instituição filantrópica parceira da universidade. Doaram-se cerca de 5 mil canecas sustentáveis a todos os setores administrativos dos Campi da universidade. Decorrente do projeto de ³Gestmo dos Restduos Químicos´ foram descartados cerca de 100kg de resíduos sólidos e 1.200l de resíduos líquidos dos laboratórios da instituição, através da empresa BITAL, Soluções Ambientais. Concluindo, foi possível reduzir os impactos ambientais causados pelos resíduos produzidos no Campus Paulo VI, sensibilizar a comunidade académica, para a importância da Educação Ambiental como instrumento relevante na mudança de valores e atitudes, e desenvolver hábitos sustentáveis, no contexto universitário.
The present dissertation with theme ³Environmental Education - Sustainable Practices in Waste Management of an Eco-Campus - the case of State University of Maranhão´, aims to portray the experience accumulated by the university, as a public institution with concerns about sustainability on campus, environmental management and conscious consumption of natural resources, through implementation of the Institutional Environmental Management System. As an executing department, the Environmental Management Advisory created by the Rectory of State University of Maranhão, has the mission to develop the Institutional Environmental Management System, involving all segments of the university in the resolution of socialenvironmental problems. In this context, three programs were implemented: Education for Sustainability; Environmental Impacts on University Campuses and Environmental Certification. Thus, as a central object of this dissertation, the course of the Environmental Management Advisory, along four years of my professional activity (2015 to 2018), is inseparable from the evolution of the developed projects, using Environmental Education, as an essential tool for the development of sustainable environmental practices, institutional sustainability culture and putting the university on path to public recognition and environmental certification. Each project was portrayed and discussed according to the found solution and impact that was intended to minimize. Therefore, as result of the development of environmental projects, multiple results were obtained. In ³Our Paper´ project, 21,194.59kg were collected, with distinct benefits. By the end of 2016, it had earned 1,116.15 reais, as bonus on energy bill of seven philanthropic institutions of São Luís, while from 2017 to 2018, 11,350kg of paper were sent to the UEMA¶s Solidary EcoPoint, generating income for an average of 20 families. With the ³Waste Management in the University Restaurant´ project, the use of more than 2 million and 300 thousand disposable cups has been avoided, until now, and more important, having probably avoided its improper disposal. It was possible to eliminate plastic from the restaurant and include fruits for daily dessert. With management of the organic waste produced a total of 163,707.60kg was reached, collected from 2015 to 2018. Between 2017 and 2018, 6,038kg of green organic waste were sent to the Composting parallel project, carried out at School Farm of São Luís, having generated, in 2018, about 2000kg of organic fertilizer. In addition, almost 112,000kg of organic waste were also destined to pig feed, throughout the period. The separation and forwarding of PET bottles produced in the restaurant paid close to 4,600 reais for ³Josp¶s Home´, a university¶s philanthropic institution partner. About five thousand sustainable mugs were donated to all administrative departments of university¶s Campuses. As result of the ³Chemical Waste Management´ project, around 100kg of solid waste and 1,200l of liquid waste from the institution's laboratories were discarded through the company BITAL, Environmental Solutions. In conclusion, it was possible to reduce environmental impacts caused by the waste produced at Paulo VI Campus, to raise the awareness of the academic community, to the importance of environmental education as a relevant instrument in changing values and attitudes, and to develop sustainable habits into the university context.
The present dissertation with theme ³Environmental Education - Sustainable Practices in Waste Management of an Eco-Campus - the case of State University of Maranhão´, aims to portray the experience accumulated by the university, as a public institution with concerns about sustainability on campus, environmental management and conscious consumption of natural resources, through implementation of the Institutional Environmental Management System. As an executing department, the Environmental Management Advisory created by the Rectory of State University of Maranhão, has the mission to develop the Institutional Environmental Management System, involving all segments of the university in the resolution of socialenvironmental problems. In this context, three programs were implemented: Education for Sustainability; Environmental Impacts on University Campuses and Environmental Certification. Thus, as a central object of this dissertation, the course of the Environmental Management Advisory, along four years of my professional activity (2015 to 2018), is inseparable from the evolution of the developed projects, using Environmental Education, as an essential tool for the development of sustainable environmental practices, institutional sustainability culture and putting the university on path to public recognition and environmental certification. Each project was portrayed and discussed according to the found solution and impact that was intended to minimize. Therefore, as result of the development of environmental projects, multiple results were obtained. In ³Our Paper´ project, 21,194.59kg were collected, with distinct benefits. By the end of 2016, it had earned 1,116.15 reais, as bonus on energy bill of seven philanthropic institutions of São Luís, while from 2017 to 2018, 11,350kg of paper were sent to the UEMA¶s Solidary EcoPoint, generating income for an average of 20 families. With the ³Waste Management in the University Restaurant´ project, the use of more than 2 million and 300 thousand disposable cups has been avoided, until now, and more important, having probably avoided its improper disposal. It was possible to eliminate plastic from the restaurant and include fruits for daily dessert. With management of the organic waste produced a total of 163,707.60kg was reached, collected from 2015 to 2018. Between 2017 and 2018, 6,038kg of green organic waste were sent to the Composting parallel project, carried out at School Farm of São Luís, having generated, in 2018, about 2000kg of organic fertilizer. In addition, almost 112,000kg of organic waste were also destined to pig feed, throughout the period. The separation and forwarding of PET bottles produced in the restaurant paid close to 4,600 reais for ³Josp¶s Home´, a university¶s philanthropic institution partner. About five thousand sustainable mugs were donated to all administrative departments of university¶s Campuses. As result of the ³Chemical Waste Management´ project, around 100kg of solid waste and 1,200l of liquid waste from the institution's laboratories were discarded through the company BITAL, Environmental Solutions. In conclusion, it was possible to reduce environmental impacts caused by the waste produced at Paulo VI Campus, to raise the awareness of the academic community, to the importance of environmental education as a relevant instrument in changing values and attitudes, and to develop sustainable habits into the university context.
Descrição
DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO EM ENGENHARIA DO AMBIENTE
Palavras-chave
Educação Ambiental , Gestão de Resíduos