Caracterização do infiltrado inflamatório em carcinomas de células escamosas do cão
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2021-04-13
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Acredita-se que o infiltrado inflamatório desempenha um papel importante, e muitas vezes paradoxal, no comportamento biológico dos tumores. A interação entre o microambiente tumoral e a resposta imunológica ao tumor poderá constituir um importante indicador de prognóstico. O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é uma neoplasia maligna das células epiteliais com origem nos queratinócitos, sendo frequentemente diagnosticada em humanos e animais. Em canídeos é a segunda neoplasia mais comum que acomete a pele e a cavidade oral. Os estudos acerca do infiltrado inflamatório associado ao tumor são escassos, pelo que o objetivo deste trabalho é determinar se existe associação entre o infiltrado inflamatório e as características histopatológicas associadas à agressividade biológica dos tumores em CCEs orais e cutâneos do cão. Foi avaliada a infiltração por linfócitos T e macrófagos através de métodos imunohistoquímicos e a infiltração por eosinófilos através do método de coloração vermelho do Congo, de 49 tumores de cães classificados histologicamente como carcinoma de células escamosas, sendo que 22 são cutâneos e 27 orais. Foi ainda estabelecida a relação dos diferentes infiltrados inflamatórios em estudo com a localização anatómica do tumor. As variáveis clínicas e histopatológicas, também foram avaliadas. Todas as associações estatísticas com valores de p<0,05 foram assumidas como estatisticamente significativas. Verificou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre o grau histológico dos tumores e o infiltrado inflamatório por macrófagos e eosinófilos p=0,018 e p<0,0001 , respetivamente). O mesmo não se verificou no infiltrado inflamatório por linfócitos T, onde se obteve um p=0,388. Relativamente à associação entre os diferentes infiltrados inflamatórios em estudo com a localização anatómica do tumor verificou-se que não existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Através dos resultados obtidos e com base na pesquisa bibliográfica realizada, o nosso estudo revelou que os macrófagos e os eosinófilos estão correlacionados com o grau histológico de malignidade no CCE cutâneo e oral em canídeos, podendo ser potencialmente usados como fatores de prognóstico deste ou de outros tipo de cancros.
Inflammatory infiltrate is believed to play an important, and often paradoxical, role in the biological behavior of tumors. The interaction between the tumor microenvironment and the immune response to the tumor may be an important prognostic indicator. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells, being frequently diagnosed in humans and animals. In canids it is the second most common neoplasm that affects the skin and oral cavity. Studies on the inflammatory infiltrate associated with the tumor are scarce, so the objective of this study is to determine whether there is an association between the inflammatory infiltrate and the histopathological characteristics associated with the biological aggressiveness of the tumors in oral and cutaneous SCCs of the dog. The infiltration by T lymphocytes and macrophages was evaluated using immunohistochemical methods and the infiltration by eosinophils through the Congo red staining method, of 49 dog tumors classified histologically as squamous cell carcinoma, 22 of which are cutaneous and 27 oral. The relationship between the different inflammatory infiltrates under study was also established with the anatomical location of the tumor. Clinical and histopathological variables were also assessed. All statistical associations with values of p <0.05 were assumed to be statistically significant. There was a statistically significant association between the histological grade of the tumors and the inflammatory infiltrate by macrophages and eosinophils, where p = 0.018 and p <0.0001 respectively. The same was not observed in the inflammatory infiltrate by T lymphocytes, where p = 0.388 was obtained. Regarding the association between the different inflammatory infiltrates under study with the anatomical location of the tumor, it was found that there are no statistically significant differences. Through the results obtained and based on the bibliographic research carried out, our study revealed that macrophages and eosinophils are correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation and malignancy in cutaneous and oral SCC in canids, which can potentially be used as prognostic factors for this or other types of cancer.
Inflammatory infiltrate is believed to play an important, and often paradoxical, role in the biological behavior of tumors. The interaction between the tumor microenvironment and the immune response to the tumor may be an important prognostic indicator. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells, being frequently diagnosed in humans and animals. In canids it is the second most common neoplasm that affects the skin and oral cavity. Studies on the inflammatory infiltrate associated with the tumor are scarce, so the objective of this study is to determine whether there is an association between the inflammatory infiltrate and the histopathological characteristics associated with the biological aggressiveness of the tumors in oral and cutaneous SCCs of the dog. The infiltration by T lymphocytes and macrophages was evaluated using immunohistochemical methods and the infiltration by eosinophils through the Congo red staining method, of 49 dog tumors classified histologically as squamous cell carcinoma, 22 of which are cutaneous and 27 oral. The relationship between the different inflammatory infiltrates under study was also established with the anatomical location of the tumor. Clinical and histopathological variables were also assessed. All statistical associations with values of p <0.05 were assumed to be statistically significant. There was a statistically significant association between the histological grade of the tumors and the inflammatory infiltrate by macrophages and eosinophils, where p = 0.018 and p <0.0001 respectively. The same was not observed in the inflammatory infiltrate by T lymphocytes, where p = 0.388 was obtained. Regarding the association between the different inflammatory infiltrates under study with the anatomical location of the tumor, it was found that there are no statistically significant differences. Through the results obtained and based on the bibliographic research carried out, our study revealed that macrophages and eosinophils are correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation and malignancy in cutaneous and oral SCC in canids, which can potentially be used as prognostic factors for this or other types of cancer.
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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia para as Ciências da Saúde
Palavras-chave
Carcinoma de células escamosas , Cão