A excelência no desporto adaptado: estudo a partir da história de vida do atleta brasileiro de natação paralímpica Carlos Alberto Lopes Maciel
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2021-04-16
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O presente estudo aborda a história de vida do atleta Carlos Alberto Lopes Maciel, nadador paralímpico de alto rendimento que representou o Brasil nos Jogos Parapanamericanos de Guadalajara 2011, Toronto 2015 e Paralimpíadas de Londres 2012. Teve como objetivos compreender o papel desempenhado pelo desporto ao longo da sua trajetória de vida; conhecer os valores, constrangimentos e preocupações deste paratleta de natação; identificar as razões para a prática do desporto adaptado de alto rendimento e os fatores que influenciam o desenvolvimento da excelência no contexto. Trata-se de um estudo etnográfico (história de vida) de natureza qualitativa que utilizou como instrumentos de coleta de dados, entrevistas semiestruturadas e exploração de vários documentos. A análise de conteúdo foi a técnica empregada para realizar o tratamento dos dados. Os resultados revelaram que a prática paradesportiva teve importante influência na vida do investigado, evidenciando como principais benefícios proporcionados a integração social, o reconhecimento e o crescimento profissional. Os valores mais salientados estão relacionados com determinação, respeito, superação, perseverança, disciplina, força de vontade, compromisso, abdicação e espiritualidade (fé em Deus e em si mesmo); o preconceito social e incerteza financeira sobressaíram-se na categoria dos constrangimentos e preocupações. No que se refere às razões que estimularam a sua permanência no alto rendimento, o paratleta encontrou no seu filho uma das principais motivações. Em relação aos fatores que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da excelência no desporto paralímpico, destacaram-se na esfera dos fatores intrínsecos, a automotivação, determinação e força de vontade. No âmbito dos fatores extrínsecos, evidenciaram-se o apoio da família e de professores/técnicos, o treinamento específico, o apoio financeiro, os patrocínios, as infraestruturas para os treinos, os profissionais qualificados e o incentivo ao paradesporto. Tais manifestações permitem-nos concluir que o alcance e permanência em nível de excelência no desporto paralímpico depende da combinação harmoniosa e integrada de fatores internos e externos que fazem parte da realidade pessoal e da história de vida de cada paratleta.
The present study addresses the life story of the athlete Carlos Alberto Lopes Maciel, a high-performance Paralympic swimmer who represented Brazil at the Parapan American Games in Guadalajara 2011, Toronto 2015 and London Paralympics 2012. It aimed to understand the role played by sport throughout his life trajectory; to know the values, constraints and concerns of this swimming athlete; to identify the reasons for the practice of adapted high performance sport and the factors that influence the development of excellence in the context. This is an ethnographic study (life story) of qualitative nature that used semi-structured interviews and exploration of various documents as instruments of data collection. Content analysis was the technique used to perform the data processing. The results revealed that the sport practice had an important influence on the investigated person's life, showing social integration, recognition and professional growth as the main benefits provided. The most highlighted values are related to determination, respect, overcoming, perseverance, discipline, willpower, commitment, abdication and spirituality (faith in God and in himself); social prejudice and financial uncertainty stood out in the category of constraints and concerns. Regarding the reasons that stimulated his permanence in high performance, the parathlete found in his son one of the main motivations. Regarding the factors that contributed to the development of excellence in Paralympic sport, self-motivation, determination and willpower stood out in the sphere of intrinsic factors. In the context of extrinsic factors, support from the family and from teachers / technicians, specific training, financial support, sponsorships, infrastructure for training, qualified professionals and incentive to parasports were evidenced. Such events allow us to conclude that the achievement and permanence in a level of excellence in Paralympic sport depends on the harmonious and integrated combination of internal and external factors that are part of the personal reality and life history of each athlete.
The present study addresses the life story of the athlete Carlos Alberto Lopes Maciel, a high-performance Paralympic swimmer who represented Brazil at the Parapan American Games in Guadalajara 2011, Toronto 2015 and London Paralympics 2012. It aimed to understand the role played by sport throughout his life trajectory; to know the values, constraints and concerns of this swimming athlete; to identify the reasons for the practice of adapted high performance sport and the factors that influence the development of excellence in the context. This is an ethnographic study (life story) of qualitative nature that used semi-structured interviews and exploration of various documents as instruments of data collection. Content analysis was the technique used to perform the data processing. The results revealed that the sport practice had an important influence on the investigated person's life, showing social integration, recognition and professional growth as the main benefits provided. The most highlighted values are related to determination, respect, overcoming, perseverance, discipline, willpower, commitment, abdication and spirituality (faith in God and in himself); social prejudice and financial uncertainty stood out in the category of constraints and concerns. Regarding the reasons that stimulated his permanence in high performance, the parathlete found in his son one of the main motivations. Regarding the factors that contributed to the development of excellence in Paralympic sport, self-motivation, determination and willpower stood out in the sphere of intrinsic factors. In the context of extrinsic factors, support from the family and from teachers / technicians, specific training, financial support, sponsorships, infrastructure for training, qualified professionals and incentive to parasports were evidenced. Such events allow us to conclude that the achievement and permanence in a level of excellence in Paralympic sport depends on the harmonious and integrated combination of internal and external factors that are part of the personal reality and life history of each athlete.
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Este trabalho foi expressamente elaborado como tese original para efeito de obtenção
do grau de Doutor em Ciências do Desporto na Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
Palavras-chave
Excelência , Desporto adaptado