Estrutura e Dinâmica do Sistema Afectivo das Dimensões de Avaliação às Estruturas de Acção - Emoções
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Data
2008
Autores
Cardoso, Francisco Manuel dos Santos
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Resumo
Tivemos como principal propósito a apresentação de uma hermenêutica para o sistema afectivo que se oferecesse também como tela para o desenvolvimento da presente dissertação. Nessa sequência, ao longo da primeira parte desenvolvemos uma reflexão que procurou realçar uma estrutura de representação para o sistema afectivo que confluiu para uma estrutura bipolar arquitectada por um sistema hedónico definido pela dimensão bivalente prazer versus desprazer e por uma segunda dimensão –de actividade- sobrelevada pela ressonância interna organísmica. Estrutura que estaria subjacente às significações das coisas do mundo. Num segundo momento, em virtude de algumas incompletudes identificadas no modelo circumplexo, relacionadas com a sua natureza de representação ser estático-configuracional, invocámos o modelo de bivariado de Cacioppo e Berntson de modo a dar conta da sua realidade dinâmica: O sistema afectivo compreendido em dimensões bivalentes capazes de acção conjunta, quer por co-inibição quer por coactivação, supondo a existência de estruturas neurais correspondentes, em pleno desafio à incursão do estado de conhecimentos actuais. Vendo nesta perspectiva elementos suficientes para a ultrapassagem da querela estabelecida entre os defensores da unipolaridade e da bipolaridade das dimensões em torno do sistema afectivo.
A segunda parte foi dedicada à defesa das emoções como estruturas de acção, com a aceitação da taxinomia estabelecida entre emoções básicas, porque primeiras, e secundárias ou sociais não só por nas primeiras se radicarem, mas também por se desenvolverem de acordo com as estruturas e regras societais em apelo a elaborações afectivo-cognitivas, por confluência de actividade. Respeitante às primeiras, as emoções foram realçadas como estruturas de acção susceptíveis de se evidenciarem com padrões distintos ao nível subsimbólico, via SNA, em cujo corpo radicarão fenómenos de reverberação e amplificação quer das afecções quer das emoções, capazes de receberem dos grupos uma sua transdução e regulação. Aspecto que sublinhámos a propósito da exemplaridade dos Ifaluk, que também nos ofereceu a oportunidade do realce das emoções secundárias. Nesta medida, vimos as emoções estarem ao serviço da individuação, da personalização e da realização do colectivo, sustentando ou disruptindo espaços de intersubjectividade.
Por fim, na terceira parte, sob o mote do empírico, procuramos evidenciar a forma como a dimensão simbólica das emoções, através dos seus significantes se organizam no colectivo. Momento para se dar conta que a organização cognitiva das emoções obedece a um tríptico prototípico, configurando no conceito sobredeterminante, níveis base e subcategorias ou exemplares. No entanto, com uma diferença fundamental das demais estruturas evidenciadas adentro do presente paradigma.
As emoções revelam-se mais do que estruturas de gradientes de representatividade: revelam-se como estruturas intensivas, cujos léxicos denominativos, repetimos, servirão de pontos de ancoragem para a transdução colectiva e fonte de comunhão de vivências corporais traduzidas em níveis fenomenológicos de consciência, garantidas pela consistência grupal e individual. Graça aos reverberadores comuns: de um lado a dialógica corpo-consciência (corpo realidade do mental), sustentada por leis psicofísicas e do outro os grupos sustentados pelas regras matriciais de participação ou interacção. De onde também se poder (re) afirmar que quer as emoções quer as afecções ou o sentir afectivo estão ao serviço da individuação, primeiro, e da personalização, depois.
No seu conjunto, foi proposta uma hermenêutica para o sistema afectivo. Sob sua orientação foi atestado um modelo para a sua representação, qualificador das afecções e das expressões emocionais; foram reafirmadas as emoções como estruturas de acção, correlacionadas com estruturas neurais, desenvolvidas nos encontros com mundo ao longo da história desenvolvimento, e, por fim, foram abordadas as emoções na sua expressão e organização cultural, onde se realizam na sua plenitude, com particular realce para a afirmação das emoções como estruturas discretas intensivas.
Enfim, globalmente tomada, a dissertação implicou uma reconceptualização, no que respeita à primeira e segunda parte e uma feitura no que respeita à terceira parte, esta empiricamente constituída.
We have as a main purpose the presentation of a hermeneutic for the affective system that offers itself as the ground for the development of the present dissertation. In that sequence throughout the first part, we develop a reflection that tries to focus on a representation structure for the affective system flowing into a bipolar structure architectured by a hedonic system defined by the bivalence dimension «pleasure versus displeasure» and by a second dimension - of activity- surpassed by the internal organismic resonance. A structure subjacent of the signification issues of the world. On a second moment, due to some identified incompleteness in the circumplex model related with its nature of representation, being static-configurationally, we invoked the bivariate model of Cacioppo and Berntson, giving an account to its dynamic reality. The affective system composed with bivalent dimensions capable of joint action, either by co-inhibition or by co-activation, alleging the existence of correspondent neural structures in a complete challenge of the incursion to the state of current knowledge. We see in that perspective sufficient element to overtake the established dispute between the defensors of unipolarity and bipolarity of the dimensions around the affective system. The second part is dedicated to the defence of the emotions as structures of action with acceptance of the taxonomy set up in basic emotions, as primary, and social emotions, as secondary, not only because they are radicated in primary ones, but because they develop in accordance with the structures and social rules, affective-cognitive elaboration by confluence of the activity. To what the primary is concerned, the emotions are focused as structures of action liable to evidence themselves with distinct patterns at sub-symbolic level, via ANS, in which body will radicate reverberation and ampliation phenomena, either of affections (gut feelings) or emotions capable of receiving in the groups its transduction and regulation. Aspect that we underline as object of the exemplarity of the Ifaluk who also offered the opportunity to enhance the secondary emotions. At this level, we see that the emotions are at the individuation service, personalization and collective accomplishment sustaining or disrupt intersubjectivity spaces. Finally, in the third part, under the empirical motive we tried to evidence the symbolic dimension of the emotions through its significant ones to organize into the collective. Moment to give account that the cognitive organization of the emotions obey to a tryptic prototypical configuration: the superordinate concept, basic level, and subordinate level, however, with fundamental difference from the other evidenced structures within the present paradigm. The emotions reveal themselves more than gradient structures of representativity. They reveal as intensive structures, whose denominative lexicons, we repeat, will serve as anchored points to the collective transduction and source of corporal experiences translated into phenomena levels of consciousness, guaranteed by the group and individual consistency. Thanks to the common reverberations: the dialogical corporal-consciousness (the mental reality of the body) sustained by psychophysical rules from one side, and on the other side the sustained groups by the matrix rules of participation or interaction. We can also reaffirm that, both the emotions and the affections or affective feelings (gut feelings) are at individuation service first, and secondly to personalization. Overall, we propose a hermeneutic for the affective system. Under its orientation, a model is tested for its representation, qualificative of the affective and emotional expressions. Emotions are reaffirmed as structures of action correlated with the neural structures developed in the encounters with the world throughout developing history, and in the end, the emotions in its expression and cultural organization are approached where they stand completely fulfilled with particular emphasis to the affirmative emotions as intensive discrete structures. At last, globally taken, the dissertation implies a reconceptualization to what the first and the second parts are concerned, and the making of a third part empirically established.
We have as a main purpose the presentation of a hermeneutic for the affective system that offers itself as the ground for the development of the present dissertation. In that sequence throughout the first part, we develop a reflection that tries to focus on a representation structure for the affective system flowing into a bipolar structure architectured by a hedonic system defined by the bivalence dimension «pleasure versus displeasure» and by a second dimension - of activity- surpassed by the internal organismic resonance. A structure subjacent of the signification issues of the world. On a second moment, due to some identified incompleteness in the circumplex model related with its nature of representation, being static-configurationally, we invoked the bivariate model of Cacioppo and Berntson, giving an account to its dynamic reality. The affective system composed with bivalent dimensions capable of joint action, either by co-inhibition or by co-activation, alleging the existence of correspondent neural structures in a complete challenge of the incursion to the state of current knowledge. We see in that perspective sufficient element to overtake the established dispute between the defensors of unipolarity and bipolarity of the dimensions around the affective system. The second part is dedicated to the defence of the emotions as structures of action with acceptance of the taxonomy set up in basic emotions, as primary, and social emotions, as secondary, not only because they are radicated in primary ones, but because they develop in accordance with the structures and social rules, affective-cognitive elaboration by confluence of the activity. To what the primary is concerned, the emotions are focused as structures of action liable to evidence themselves with distinct patterns at sub-symbolic level, via ANS, in which body will radicate reverberation and ampliation phenomena, either of affections (gut feelings) or emotions capable of receiving in the groups its transduction and regulation. Aspect that we underline as object of the exemplarity of the Ifaluk who also offered the opportunity to enhance the secondary emotions. At this level, we see that the emotions are at the individuation service, personalization and collective accomplishment sustaining or disrupt intersubjectivity spaces. Finally, in the third part, under the empirical motive we tried to evidence the symbolic dimension of the emotions through its significant ones to organize into the collective. Moment to give account that the cognitive organization of the emotions obey to a tryptic prototypical configuration: the superordinate concept, basic level, and subordinate level, however, with fundamental difference from the other evidenced structures within the present paradigm. The emotions reveal themselves more than gradient structures of representativity. They reveal as intensive structures, whose denominative lexicons, we repeat, will serve as anchored points to the collective transduction and source of corporal experiences translated into phenomena levels of consciousness, guaranteed by the group and individual consistency. Thanks to the common reverberations: the dialogical corporal-consciousness (the mental reality of the body) sustained by psychophysical rules from one side, and on the other side the sustained groups by the matrix rules of participation or interaction. We can also reaffirm that, both the emotions and the affections or affective feelings (gut feelings) are at individuation service first, and secondly to personalization. Overall, we propose a hermeneutic for the affective system. Under its orientation, a model is tested for its representation, qualificative of the affective and emotional expressions. Emotions are reaffirmed as structures of action correlated with the neural structures developed in the encounters with the world throughout developing history, and in the end, the emotions in its expression and cultural organization are approached where they stand completely fulfilled with particular emphasis to the affirmative emotions as intensive discrete structures. At last, globally taken, the dissertation implies a reconceptualization to what the first and the second parts are concerned, and the making of a third part empirically established.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia
Palavras-chave
Desenvolvimento emocional , Emoções , Afeições , Psicologia clínica