O papel da microbiota oral do gato com estomatite crónica no risco de desenvolvimento do carcinoma espinocelular oral
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2021-07-30
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A microbiota comensal de um organismo é constituída por um conjunto de bactérias que vivem em equilíbrio entre si e com o hospedeiro que as abriga, assumindo um papel de grande importância, no desenvolvimento da sua função imunitária. Contudo, em condições de disbiose, em que é esperada uma redução no número de bactérias benéficas e/ou um aumento do número daquelas que, sob determinadas condições, são capazes de induzir doença, instala-se um estado de inflamação crónica que em última análise pode favorecer o desenvolvimento de neoplasia, podendo também ambas as situações ser causadas por organismos oportunistas. Portanto, reconhecer que a microbiota é um poderosíssimo espelho do estado de saúde e de doença de um organismo, é o alicerce no qual assenta este projeto de investigação. A procura por um agente causal de duas das mais incidentes patologias orais dos felinos, o complexo gengivite estomatite felino (CGEF), a lesão inflamatória mais frequentemente diagnosticada nesta espécie, e o carcinoma espinocelular oral (CECO), a neoplasia maligna de maior prevalência, leva-nos a (re)considerar o peso da microbiota oral, por um lado, no risco de inflamação crónica e, por outro, no risco de cancro, com localização na cavidade oral. Acrescente-se um outro objetivo, o de entender se o CGEF proporciona um ambiente favorável ao desenvolvimento de CECO. As entidades nosológicas aqui descritas partilham o desafio de uma etiopatogenia incerta e de opções de tratamento ineficazes. São das mais frustrantes da cavidade oral dos gatos em que um sentimento de impotência se cruza com a procura de mais conhecimento que leve invariavelmente a uma melhor qualidade de vida para estes animais. Se o CGEF pode durar meses a anos, sob condições extremamente dolorosas, no CECO o tempo até à morte ou eutanásia destes animais, após o diagnóstico, é curto e apresenta uma taxa de sobrevivência, nas condições descritas deste trabalho, de dois meses, sem qualquer tipo de tratamento. Mesmo considerando um tratamento cirúrgico agressivo, com radioterapia e quimioterapia adjuvantes, as taxas de sobrevivência por mais de um ano são normalmente inferiores a 10%.
The commensal microbiota of an organism is made up of a set of many bacterias that live in balance with each other and with the host that hosts them, assuming a very important role in the development of their immune function. However, in conditions of dysbiosis, in which a reduction in the number of beneficial bacteria and/or an increase in the number of those that, under certain conditions, are capable of inducing disease is expected, a state of chronic inflammation sets in which ultimately can favour the development of neoplasia, and both situations can also be caused by opportunistic organisms. Therefore, recognizing that the microbiota is a very powerful mirror of the health and disease state of an organism, is the foundation on which this research project is based. The search for a causal agent of two of the most incident oral pathologies of felines, the Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis (FCGS), the inflammatory lesion most frequently diagnosed in this species, and the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), the most prevalent malignancy, leads us to (re)consider the role of the oral microbiota, on the one hand, in the risk of chronic inflammation and, on the other hand, in the risk of cancer, located in the oral cavity. Add another objective, that of understanding whether the FCGS provides a favourable environment for the development of OSCC. The nosological entities described here share the challenge of uncertain etiopathogenesis and ineffective treatment options. They are among the most frustrating in the oral cavity of cats in which a feeling of helplessness intersects with the search for more knowledge that invariably leads to a better quality of life for these animals. If the FCGS can last for months to years, under extremely painful conditions, in the OSCC the time until the death or euthanasia of these animals, after diagnosis, is short and has a survival rate, under the conditions described in this work, of two months, without any type of treatment. Even considering aggressive surgical treatment, with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, survival rates for more than one year are usually less than 10%.
The commensal microbiota of an organism is made up of a set of many bacterias that live in balance with each other and with the host that hosts them, assuming a very important role in the development of their immune function. However, in conditions of dysbiosis, in which a reduction in the number of beneficial bacteria and/or an increase in the number of those that, under certain conditions, are capable of inducing disease is expected, a state of chronic inflammation sets in which ultimately can favour the development of neoplasia, and both situations can also be caused by opportunistic organisms. Therefore, recognizing that the microbiota is a very powerful mirror of the health and disease state of an organism, is the foundation on which this research project is based. The search for a causal agent of two of the most incident oral pathologies of felines, the Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis (FCGS), the inflammatory lesion most frequently diagnosed in this species, and the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), the most prevalent malignancy, leads us to (re)consider the role of the oral microbiota, on the one hand, in the risk of chronic inflammation and, on the other hand, in the risk of cancer, located in the oral cavity. Add another objective, that of understanding whether the FCGS provides a favourable environment for the development of OSCC. The nosological entities described here share the challenge of uncertain etiopathogenesis and ineffective treatment options. They are among the most frustrating in the oral cavity of cats in which a feeling of helplessness intersects with the search for more knowledge that invariably leads to a better quality of life for these animals. If the FCGS can last for months to years, under extremely painful conditions, in the OSCC the time until the death or euthanasia of these animals, after diagnosis, is short and has a survival rate, under the conditions described in this work, of two months, without any type of treatment. Even considering aggressive surgical treatment, with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, survival rates for more than one year are usually less than 10%.
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gato , bactérias