Medicina e cirurgia em animais de produção e equídeos
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2020-09-18
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O presente relatório de estágio descreve e analisa quatro casos clínicos nas áreas de medicina e cirurgia de animais de produção e equídeos, incluídos na casuística do estágio curricular. O primeiro caso, observado na Ilha Terceira, Açores, tratou-se de uma hérnia umbilical simples, com provável origem congénita, numa vitela, Holstein Frísia x Jersey, 2 meses de idade. No exame físico, observava-se uma tumefação na região umbilical, com ligação à cavidade abdominal, sem estruturas remanescentes, sendo possível redução manual. Como tratamento, realizou-se herniorrafia aberta com pontos interrompidos de jaquetão, com fio de sutura não absorvível. Houve cura clínica do animal. O segundo caso, visto na mesma localização, tratou-se de um prolapso uterino, numa vaca Holstein Frísia, multípara, 4 anos de idade. Ocorreu nas primeiras 24 horas após parição. Havia sinais típicos de hipocalcemia. O prolapso provavelmente teve origem numa inércia uterina secundária a desproporção fetomaternal. Como tratamento, administrou-se cálcio e oxitocina, previamente à colocação em “posição rã”. Foi feita reintrodução manual. Efetuouse uma sutura de Bühner e nova administração de cálcio e oxitocina. Não houve complicações. O terceiro caso, observado em Carmarthenshire, País de Gales, tratou-se de uma pneumonia por aspiração, numa égua Pónei Galês, 6 anos de idade. Dois dias antes, engasgou-se após ingerir rapidamente ração. Recuperou passados 10 minutos, havendo presença de corrimento nasal com alimento e saliva e tosse não produtiva ocasional. No exame físico, apresentava taquicardia, taquipneia, dispneia e sons respiratórios fracos nas áreas pulmonares ventrais. O septo nasal defeituoso causava má oclusão maxilomandibular. Apresentava linha endotóxica periodontal. Na entubação nasogástrica, não houve sinal de obstrução esofágica. Demonstrava neutropenia e linfopenia e proteína amilóide A sérica elevadas. As imagens ecográficas eram compatíveis com pleuropneumonia. Na endoscopia, constatou-se um desvio do eixo axial da epiglote para a esquerda e material mucopurulento na traqueia e bifurcação brônquica. No antibiograma do aspirado da lavagem traqueobrônquica foi isolado Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus. A pneumonia por aspiração, provavelmente, teve origem numa obstrução esofágica primária por ingestão rápida de ração e má oclusão maxilomandibular, consequente do defeito no septo nasal. Nos 10 dias de internamento, realizou-se fluidoterapia e administrou-se gentamicina, penicilina, metronidazol, clenbuterol, dembrexina e flunixina meglumina. Houve cura clínica. O último caso, observado também em Carmarthenshire, tratou-se de dilatação cervical incompleta, numa ovelha Texel, multípara, 6 anos de idade. O saco corioalantóide estava visível na vulva havia 4 horas. Cinco dias antes, sofreu prolapso vaginal, resolvido por manipulação manual. Foi administrado cálcio. No exame ginecológico, os anéis cervicais apresentavam dilatação de 1,5-5 cm de diâmetro. A pressão digital na cérvix não surtiu qualquer efeito. Não foi detetada qualquer parte do feto. A condição terá surgido como uma complicação do prolapso vaginal. Como tratamento, realizou-se cesariana por laparotomia lateral esquerda. Extraíram-se dois borregos vivos. O peritoneu e todas as camadas musculares foram encerradas em conjunto com uma sutura contínua simples. Não houve complicações.
The current externship report describes and analyses four clinical cases regarding the subjects of medicine and surgery in farm animals and Equidae, which were included in the externship casuistic. The first case, was seen in Terceira Island, Azores, and comprised a simple umbilical hernia, likely of congenital aetiology, in a 2-month-old Holstein Friesian x Jersey female calf. Physical exam revealed swelling in the umbilical region, connected to the abdominal cavity, without remnant structures. The swelling was reducible by manual approach. Treatment consisted of open herniorrhaphy with non-absorbable overlapping mattress stiches. The animal recovered uneventfully. The second case, at the same location, consisted of a uterine prolapse, in a 4-year-old multiparous Holstein Friesian cow. It occurred in the first 24 hours after parturition. Hypocalcaemia signs were present. The prolapse probably arose from secondary uterine inertia due to fetomaternal disproportion. As treatment, calcium and oxytocin were administered before placing it in a “froglike position”. The prolapse was manually replaced, followed by a Bühner suture and another administration of calcium and oxytocin. There were no complications. The third case was seen in Carmarthenshire, Wales, and consisted of aspiration pneumonia, in a 6-year-old Welsh Pony mare. Two days before, it “choked” after rapidly having eaten ration. After 10 minutes, nasal discharge with food and saliva and non-productive occasional cough was present. Physical exam showed tachycardia, tachypnoea, dyspnoea and weak respiratory sounds in the ventral pulmonary regions. Poor maxilomandibular occlusion was present due to wry nose. Toxic line at the gum was visible. There were no signs of oesophageal obstruction during nasogastric intubation. It showed neutropenia and lymphopenia and high serum amyloid A. Ultrasonography images were compatible with pleuropneumonia. Endoscopy displayed epiglottis with a deviated axial axis to the left and mucopurulent material in the trachea and bronchial bifurcation. Antibiogram, from a tracheobronchial lavage sample, isolate Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus. Aspiration pneumonia probably occurred due to a primary oesophageal obstruction, caused by rapid ingestion of ration and poor maxilomandibular occlusion, consequence of wry nose. Treatment lasted for 10 days and was comprised of fluid therapy and administration of gentamycin, penicillin, metronidazol, clenbuterol, dembrexine and flunixin meglumine. The animal recovered uneventfully. The last case, at the same location, consisted of incomplete cervical dilation, in a 6-yearold multiparous Texel ewe. Chorioallantoic sac was visible at the vulva for 4 hours. Five days before, the ewe suffered a vaginal prolapse, treated manually. Calcium was administered. Vaginal examination indicated cervical os between 1,5-5 cm of diameter. Digital pressure on the cervix was inefficient. No foetal parts were detected. This condition may have resulted as a complication of the vaginal prolapse. Caesarean by left lateral laparotomy approach was executed as treatment. Two living lambs were extracted. Peritoneum and all muscle layers were closed together with simple continuous suture. There were no complications.
The current externship report describes and analyses four clinical cases regarding the subjects of medicine and surgery in farm animals and Equidae, which were included in the externship casuistic. The first case, was seen in Terceira Island, Azores, and comprised a simple umbilical hernia, likely of congenital aetiology, in a 2-month-old Holstein Friesian x Jersey female calf. Physical exam revealed swelling in the umbilical region, connected to the abdominal cavity, without remnant structures. The swelling was reducible by manual approach. Treatment consisted of open herniorrhaphy with non-absorbable overlapping mattress stiches. The animal recovered uneventfully. The second case, at the same location, consisted of a uterine prolapse, in a 4-year-old multiparous Holstein Friesian cow. It occurred in the first 24 hours after parturition. Hypocalcaemia signs were present. The prolapse probably arose from secondary uterine inertia due to fetomaternal disproportion. As treatment, calcium and oxytocin were administered before placing it in a “froglike position”. The prolapse was manually replaced, followed by a Bühner suture and another administration of calcium and oxytocin. There were no complications. The third case was seen in Carmarthenshire, Wales, and consisted of aspiration pneumonia, in a 6-year-old Welsh Pony mare. Two days before, it “choked” after rapidly having eaten ration. After 10 minutes, nasal discharge with food and saliva and non-productive occasional cough was present. Physical exam showed tachycardia, tachypnoea, dyspnoea and weak respiratory sounds in the ventral pulmonary regions. Poor maxilomandibular occlusion was present due to wry nose. Toxic line at the gum was visible. There were no signs of oesophageal obstruction during nasogastric intubation. It showed neutropenia and lymphopenia and high serum amyloid A. Ultrasonography images were compatible with pleuropneumonia. Endoscopy displayed epiglottis with a deviated axial axis to the left and mucopurulent material in the trachea and bronchial bifurcation. Antibiogram, from a tracheobronchial lavage sample, isolate Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus. Aspiration pneumonia probably occurred due to a primary oesophageal obstruction, caused by rapid ingestion of ration and poor maxilomandibular occlusion, consequence of wry nose. Treatment lasted for 10 days and was comprised of fluid therapy and administration of gentamycin, penicillin, metronidazol, clenbuterol, dembrexine and flunixin meglumine. The animal recovered uneventfully. The last case, at the same location, consisted of incomplete cervical dilation, in a 6-yearold multiparous Texel ewe. Chorioallantoic sac was visible at the vulva for 4 hours. Five days before, the ewe suffered a vaginal prolapse, treated manually. Calcium was administered. Vaginal examination indicated cervical os between 1,5-5 cm of diameter. Digital pressure on the cervix was inefficient. No foetal parts were detected. This condition may have resulted as a complication of the vaginal prolapse. Caesarean by left lateral laparotomy approach was executed as treatment. Two living lambs were extracted. Peritoneum and all muscle layers were closed together with simple continuous suture. There were no complications.
Descrição
Relatório de Estágio Final - Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
hérnia umbilical simples , prolapso uterino