Avaliação do bem-estar animal de frangos no matadouro e na exploração
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2020-12-17
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Com a realização deste trabalho pretendeu-se efetuar uma avaliação sistemática de indicadores de bem-estar animal (BEA) em matadouros de frangos de carne e nos casos de alertas indicativos de condições de BEA diminuídas, foram visitadas as explorações de maior risco, de modo a avaliar as condições providenciadas aos animais e efetuar controlo das infraestruturas, maneio, parâmetros ambientais e saúde. Estas atividades foram desenvolvidas na Divisão de Alimentação e Veterinária do Porto (DAV Porto), no período compreendido entre 01 de outubro de 2019 a 31 de março de 2020. Durante este período foi possível acompanhar Médicos Veterinários Oficiais (MVO) da Direção de Serviços de Alimentação e Veterinária do Norte (DSAVRN) nas suas atividades, nomeadamente, inspeção sanitária de aves em três matadouros (A, B e C); e acompanhamento e monitorização de explorações intensivas de frangos no âmbito do plano de “Controlo da proteção dos frangos no local de criação” da Direção-Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária (DGAV). Na avaliação sistemática de BEA em matadouro procedeu-se à classificação de indicadores de BEA utilizando escalas simples de pontuação com 3 graus para a avaliação da sujidade das penas (SP), das dermatites das almofadas plantares (DAP) e das queimaduras de tarso (QT) ou uma avaliação de ausente ou presente para a queimadura ou úlcera no peito (QP), hematomas, traumatismos extensos e fraturas. Foi igualmente considerada a taxa de mortalidade no transporte (TMT), taxa de rejeição total (TRT), assim como as causas de rejeição. Nas explorações foram avaliados parâmetros relativos às condições estruturais, de maneio, ambientais e de saúde. Verificaram-se as áreas dos pavilhões e sistemas de abeberamento e de alimentação; as densidades praticadas foram confirmadas e foram averiguados a qualidade e maneio da cama, assim como o programa de luz aplicado. Relativamente ao ambiente, foram controlados parâmetros tais como o teor de amoníaco, intensidade luminosa, temperatura e humidade. Acerca do estado de saúde, foi verificado o estado geral das aves, através de exame corporal e outros fatores indicativos de ausência de saúde. Da análise de resultados, foi possível verificar uma associação positiva entre QT2, DAP2 e QP1, confirmando que lesões muito graves de queimaduras se encontram agrupadas. Patologias como emaciação e ascite apresentaram uma maior probabilidade de ocorrência simultânea. Um resultado insatisfatório para o indicador DAP foi obtido por 50% dos bandos avaliados, resultado este sugestivo de níveis diminuídos de BEA na exploração. Dos controlos nas explorações, verificou-se que uma fração dos pavilhões alvo de vistoria apresentou níveis de humidade em excesso nas camas e também circulação de ar insuficiente. Em relação ao programa de luz, verificamos a necessidade de ajuste deste na maioria dos pavilhões. Os resultados obtidos corroboram estudos anteriores e revelam a íntima correlação entre as condições de BEA na exploração e a avaliação no matadouro.
With this work it was intended to carry out to a systematic evaluation of animal welfare (AW) indicators in broilers’ slaughterhouses and in cases of warnings or alarms indicative of decreased animal welfare conditions, the most at-risk farms were visited in order to assess the conditions provided to animals and evaluate environmental, health and management parameters. These activities were developed at Food and Veterinary Division of Porto (DAV Porto), from October 1, 2019 to February 29, 2019. During this period, it was possible to accompany Official Veterinarians (OV) of the Directorate for Food and Veterinary of the North Region (DSAVRN) in their specific activities, as meat inspection of broilers in three poultry slaughterhouses; and follow up and monitoring of intensive broiler farms under the plan "Control of chicken protection at the place of rearing” of Directorate-General for Food and Veterinary (DGAV). For the welfare evaluation at the slaughterhouse, AW indicators were classified using simple scoring scales of 3-degree for dirty feathers (DF), footpad dermatitis (FPD) and hock burns (HB) or an evaluation of absent or present for breast burns (BB) hematomas, traumas and fractures. It was also considered dead on arrival (DoA) rate and total rejection rate, as well as the causes of condemnation. At farms, structure, management, environmental and health parameters were evaluated. The pavilion’s areas were verified, as well as the drinking and feeding systems; density was confirmed, and litter quality and management and light programs were checked. Environmental related, the ammonia concentration, lux intensity, temperature and humidity were controlled. About health, the general state of birds was assessed by body exam and other factors that indicated absence of health. Of the results’ analysis, it was possible to verify a positive association between HB2, FPD2 and BB1, confirming that severe burn lesions are grouped. Pathologies as emaciation and ascites showed a higher probability of simultaneous occurrence. An unsatisfactory result for FPD indicator was obtained by 50% of the evaluated flocks, being these results suggestive of low level of AW in the farm. Of the farm controls, it was found that a fraction of the target survey pavilions showed excess humidity levels in litter and insufficient air circulation. The light program needed to be adjusted at most of the inspected pavilions. The obtained results corroborate previous studies and show the close correlation between AW conditions at the farm and the evaluation at slaughterhouse.
With this work it was intended to carry out to a systematic evaluation of animal welfare (AW) indicators in broilers’ slaughterhouses and in cases of warnings or alarms indicative of decreased animal welfare conditions, the most at-risk farms were visited in order to assess the conditions provided to animals and evaluate environmental, health and management parameters. These activities were developed at Food and Veterinary Division of Porto (DAV Porto), from October 1, 2019 to February 29, 2019. During this period, it was possible to accompany Official Veterinarians (OV) of the Directorate for Food and Veterinary of the North Region (DSAVRN) in their specific activities, as meat inspection of broilers in three poultry slaughterhouses; and follow up and monitoring of intensive broiler farms under the plan "Control of chicken protection at the place of rearing” of Directorate-General for Food and Veterinary (DGAV). For the welfare evaluation at the slaughterhouse, AW indicators were classified using simple scoring scales of 3-degree for dirty feathers (DF), footpad dermatitis (FPD) and hock burns (HB) or an evaluation of absent or present for breast burns (BB) hematomas, traumas and fractures. It was also considered dead on arrival (DoA) rate and total rejection rate, as well as the causes of condemnation. At farms, structure, management, environmental and health parameters were evaluated. The pavilion’s areas were verified, as well as the drinking and feeding systems; density was confirmed, and litter quality and management and light programs were checked. Environmental related, the ammonia concentration, lux intensity, temperature and humidity were controlled. About health, the general state of birds was assessed by body exam and other factors that indicated absence of health. Of the results’ analysis, it was possible to verify a positive association between HB2, FPD2 and BB1, confirming that severe burn lesions are grouped. Pathologies as emaciation and ascites showed a higher probability of simultaneous occurrence. An unsatisfactory result for FPD indicator was obtained by 50% of the evaluated flocks, being these results suggestive of low level of AW in the farm. Of the farm controls, it was found that a fraction of the target survey pavilions showed excess humidity levels in litter and insufficient air circulation. The light program needed to be adjusted at most of the inspected pavilions. The obtained results corroborate previous studies and show the close correlation between AW conditions at the farm and the evaluation at slaughterhouse.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
bem-estar animal , broiler