Qualidade das relações afetivas, autoeficácia, expectativas de futuro e regulação emocional em adolescentes em acolhimento residencial
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2020-12-16
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A teoria da vinculação afirma que o estabelecimento de vínculos afetivos com figuras significativas é um processo fundamental no desenvolvimento humano em todo o ciclo da vida (Ainsworth, 1985). A qualidade do relacionamento estabelecido entre os jovens e os seus cuidadores em acolhimento residencial pode funcionar como fator de proteção ao desenvolvimento da capacidade de regulação emocional e consequente reorganização interna e (Davis, 2003; Mota & Matos, 2008). O presente estudo procura analisar o efeito da vinculação e da qualidade da relação com o cuidador na regulação emocional de jovens em acolhimento residencial. Objetiva-se ainda avaliar o papel mediador da regulação emocional na associação entre a vinculação e a qualidade da relação com os cuidadores. A amostra foi constituída por 249 jovens, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos (M = 15.55; DP = 1.66), a viver em acolhimento residencial. Foram utilizados o Emotion Awareness Questionnaire (EAQ), o Questionário de Ligação a Figuras Significativas, o Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ). Os resultados sugerem que a insegurança sentida na perceção de vinculação com as figuras significativas exerce um efeito negativo na regulação emocional e na qualidade da relação com os cuidadores, e que a procura de proximidade exerce um efeito negativo na dimensão diferenciar emoções. Verifica-se que a qualidade da relação com os cuidadores não exerce um efeito significativo na regulação emocional. Constatou-se ainda o efeito mediador negativo da dimensão diferenciar emoções na associação entre a vinculação e a qualidade da relação com os cuidadores. Os resultados serão discutidos à luz da teoria da vinculação, assumindo a importância das relações afetivas com os cuidadores no desenvolvimento da capacidade de regular emoções dos jovens a viver em acolhimento residencial.
Attachment theory claims that the establishment of affective bonds with significant figures of affection is a fundamental process in human development across all the life cycle (Ainsworth, 1985). The quality of the relationship between adolescents and their caregivers in residential care may work as a protective factor for internal reorganization and the development of emotional regulation (Davis, 2003; Mota & Matos, 2008). The present study aims to analyze the effect of the attachment and the quality of relationships with caregivers in emotional regulation in youth people living in residential care. It also aims to assess the mediating role of emotional regulation in the association between attachment and the quality of the relationship with caregivers. The sample consisted of 249 young people, aged between 12 and 18 years old (M = 15.55; SD = 1.66), living in residential care. For data collection, the Emotional Awareness Questionnaire (EAQ), Questionnaire of connection to significant figures, Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ), and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used. The results suggest that the insecurity felt in the perception of attachment with significant figures, negatively affects the emotional regulation and the quality of the relationship with caregivers, and that the search for proximity negatively affects the differentiating emotions dimension. It appears that the quality of the relationship with caregivers does not significantly predict emotional regulation. The negative mediating effect of the dimension to differentiate emotions was also found in the association between bonding and the quality of the relationship with caregivers. The results will be discussed considering the attachment theory framework, assuming the importance of affective relationships with caregivers in the development of the ability to regulate emotions of young people living in residential care.
Attachment theory claims that the establishment of affective bonds with significant figures of affection is a fundamental process in human development across all the life cycle (Ainsworth, 1985). The quality of the relationship between adolescents and their caregivers in residential care may work as a protective factor for internal reorganization and the development of emotional regulation (Davis, 2003; Mota & Matos, 2008). The present study aims to analyze the effect of the attachment and the quality of relationships with caregivers in emotional regulation in youth people living in residential care. It also aims to assess the mediating role of emotional regulation in the association between attachment and the quality of the relationship with caregivers. The sample consisted of 249 young people, aged between 12 and 18 years old (M = 15.55; SD = 1.66), living in residential care. For data collection, the Emotional Awareness Questionnaire (EAQ), Questionnaire of connection to significant figures, Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ), and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used. The results suggest that the insecurity felt in the perception of attachment with significant figures, negatively affects the emotional regulation and the quality of the relationship with caregivers, and that the search for proximity negatively affects the differentiating emotions dimension. It appears that the quality of the relationship with caregivers does not significantly predict emotional regulation. The negative mediating effect of the dimension to differentiate emotions was also found in the association between bonding and the quality of the relationship with caregivers. The results will be discussed considering the attachment theory framework, assuming the importance of affective relationships with caregivers in the development of the ability to regulate emotions of young people living in residential care.
Descrição
Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Psicologia Clínica pela Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
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Jovens , Acolhimento Residencial