Inspeção Sanitária de Frango Industrial: Estudo das causas de rejeição de fígados de Frango Industrial
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2021-12-09
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No decurso da inspeção post mortem em matadouro são várias as lesões que podem condicionar a rejeição de fígados. O conhecimento destas causas pode revelar-se de interesse para situar problemas sanitários específicos a nível da exploração. Os principais objetivos deste trabalho consistiram no estudo das diferentes alterações macroscópicas que levaram à rejeição dos fígados na inspeção post mortem de frango industrial e a sua relação com a análise histopatológica. O estudo decorreu num matadouro localizado no centro de Portugal, na qual, durante 90 dias, foram avaliados 1167884 frangos abatidos correspondentes a 199 lotes. Nestes, foram contabilizados os fígados rejeitados e as respetivas causas. Dos fígados rejeitados selecionou-se uma amostra de 50 com diferentes alterações macroscópicas para análise histopatológica no laboratório da UTAD. Este estudo identificou como principais alterações macroscópicas associadas à rejeição de 425705 fígados as seguintes seis alterações apresentadas por ordem decrescente (relativamente ao nível de ocorrência): friáveis (68,89%), alteração macroscópica compatível com esteatose hepática (30,81%), alteração de cor (cor escura com tonalidade esverdeada) (0,21 %), alteração macroscópica compatível com hepatite focal necrótica (0,05%), alteração macroscópica compatível com hepatite granulomatosa (0,03%) e peri-hepatite fibrinosa (0,02%). A análise histopatológica efetuada às amostras relativa a cada uma destas alterações, confirmou o diagnóstico macroscópico no caso da alteração compatível com esteatose hepática, alteração compatível com hepatite focal necrótica, alteração compatível com hepatite granulomatosa e peri-hepatite fibrinosa. Em oposição, as restantes alterações tiveram um diagnóstico histopatológico diferente. Nomeadamente, os fígados friáveis foram classificados como hepatite aguda e os fígados com alteração de cor foram classificados como congestivos. Foi analisado estatisticamente a relação das diferentes causas de rejeição com as variáveis hora de abate, peso do frango, idade do frango, tempo de jejum pré-abate e tempo de espera no cais. Apenas o número das rejeições dos fígados friáveis e com suspeita de esteatose hepática, as duas principais causas de rejeição do fígado, tiveram uma correlação negativa altamente significativa (p<0,001) com a hora de abate, o tempo de jejum e de espera no cais. Relativamente aos fígados com alteração de cor (cor escura com tonalidade esverdeada), verificou-se uma correlação positiva com estes parâmetros, mas também altamente significativa (p<0,001) Estes resultados permitem sublinhar a importância de rever alguns códigos de classificação das rejeições hepáticas que, neste estudo, revelaram alteraçõeshistopatológicas distintas das macroscópicas e com significados etiológicos e patológicos diferentes. Esta harmonização reveste-se de extrema importância num sistema integrado de inspeção sanitária bidirecional (“farm to abattoir to farm”) que caracteriza esta fileira de produção. Também permitem realçar a importância de um bom maneio de todas as etapas pré abate, incluindo o jejum pré abate, o transporte, o tempo de espera no cais, para evitar situações de stresse e alterações a nível hepático as quais podem estar associadas a perdas económicas.
During post mortem inspection in a slaughterhouse, there are several injuries that can lead to liver rejection. Knowledge of these causes may prove to be of interest to locate specific health problems at farm level. The main objectives of this work were to study the different macroscopic changes that led to liver rejection in post mortem inspection of industrial poultry and its relationship with the histopathological analysis. The study took place in a slaughterhouse located in Portugal, where, for 90 days, 1167884 slaughtered poultry corresponding to 199 batches were evaluated. In these, rejected livers and their causes were counted. From the rejected livers, a sample of 50 with different macroscopic changes was selected for histopathological analysis in the UTAD laboratory. This study identified as the main macroscopic changes associated with the rejection of 425705 livers the following six alterations presented in descending order (relative to the level of occurrence): friable (68.89%), macroscopic change compatible with hepatic steatosis (30.81%), alteration color (dark color with greenish hue) (0.21%), macroscopic change compatible with focal necrotic hepatitis (0.05%), macroscopic change compatible with granulomatous hepatitis (0.03%) and fibrinous perihepatitis (0.02%). The histopathological analysis performed on the samples for each of these alterations confirmed the macroscopic diagnosis in the case of a macroscopic change compatible with hepatic steatosis, a macroscopic change compatible with focal necrotic hepatitis, a macroscopic change compatible with granulomatous hepatitis and fibrinous perihepatitis. In contrast, the remaining alterations had a different histopathological diagnosis. In particular, friable livers were classified as acute hepatitis and livers with color change were classified as congestive. The relationship of the different rejection causes with the variables time of slaughter, poultry weight, age of the poultry, pre-slaughter fasting time and waiting time at slaughterhouse’s lairage was statistically analyzed. Only the value of rejections from friable livers and with suspected hepatic steatosis, the two main causes of liver rejection, had a highly significant negative correlation (p<0.001) with the time of slaughter, the time of fasting and waiting at slaughterhouse’s lairage. Regarding livers with color change, there was a positive correlation with these parameters, but also highly significant(p<0.001). These results allow us to underline the importance of reviewing some classification codes of liver rejections that, in this study, revealed histopathological changes distinct from macroscopic ones and with different etiological and pathological meanings. This harmonizationis extremely important in an integrated bidirectional sanitary inspection system (“farm to abattoir to farm”) that characterizes this production line. They also highlight the importance of good management of all pre-slaughter stages, including pre-slaughter fasting, transport, waiting time at slaughterhouse’s lairage, to avoid stressful situations and changes in the liver which may be associated with economic losses.
During post mortem inspection in a slaughterhouse, there are several injuries that can lead to liver rejection. Knowledge of these causes may prove to be of interest to locate specific health problems at farm level. The main objectives of this work were to study the different macroscopic changes that led to liver rejection in post mortem inspection of industrial poultry and its relationship with the histopathological analysis. The study took place in a slaughterhouse located in Portugal, where, for 90 days, 1167884 slaughtered poultry corresponding to 199 batches were evaluated. In these, rejected livers and their causes were counted. From the rejected livers, a sample of 50 with different macroscopic changes was selected for histopathological analysis in the UTAD laboratory. This study identified as the main macroscopic changes associated with the rejection of 425705 livers the following six alterations presented in descending order (relative to the level of occurrence): friable (68.89%), macroscopic change compatible with hepatic steatosis (30.81%), alteration color (dark color with greenish hue) (0.21%), macroscopic change compatible with focal necrotic hepatitis (0.05%), macroscopic change compatible with granulomatous hepatitis (0.03%) and fibrinous perihepatitis (0.02%). The histopathological analysis performed on the samples for each of these alterations confirmed the macroscopic diagnosis in the case of a macroscopic change compatible with hepatic steatosis, a macroscopic change compatible with focal necrotic hepatitis, a macroscopic change compatible with granulomatous hepatitis and fibrinous perihepatitis. In contrast, the remaining alterations had a different histopathological diagnosis. In particular, friable livers were classified as acute hepatitis and livers with color change were classified as congestive. The relationship of the different rejection causes with the variables time of slaughter, poultry weight, age of the poultry, pre-slaughter fasting time and waiting time at slaughterhouse’s lairage was statistically analyzed. Only the value of rejections from friable livers and with suspected hepatic steatosis, the two main causes of liver rejection, had a highly significant negative correlation (p<0.001) with the time of slaughter, the time of fasting and waiting at slaughterhouse’s lairage. Regarding livers with color change, there was a positive correlation with these parameters, but also highly significant(p<0.001). These results allow us to underline the importance of reviewing some classification codes of liver rejections that, in this study, revealed histopathological changes distinct from macroscopic ones and with different etiological and pathological meanings. This harmonizationis extremely important in an integrated bidirectional sanitary inspection system (“farm to abattoir to farm”) that characterizes this production line. They also highlight the importance of good management of all pre-slaughter stages, including pre-slaughter fasting, transport, waiting time at slaughterhouse’s lairage, to avoid stressful situations and changes in the liver which may be associated with economic losses.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Inspeção sanitária , fígado