Efeito da rega e da aplicação de bioestimulantes em pré-colheita no comportamento fisiológico e produtivo do morangueiro (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) e na qualidade dos frutos
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2022-02-08
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O morangueiro (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) é produzido em várias regiões do Mundo, apresentando uma maior predominância nas regiões temperadas do Hemisfério Norte. Em Portugal, a região do Ribatejo e Oeste representa cerca de 50 a 60% da área de produção nacional. Esta cultura adapta-se a vários tipos de clima, preferindo solos bem drenados e ricos em matéria orgânica, sendo muito sensível à salinidade e ao encharcamento. A aplicação de bioestimulantes pode ser uma estratégia para a melhoria da performance da planta, bem como para a melhoria da qualidade dos frutos tão apreciados pelos consumidores. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito do regime de rega e da aplicação, em pré-colheita, de dois bioestimulantes à base de algas marinhas (Ascophyllum nodosum), com a designação N19-67 (0,4%) e N19-68 (0,2%), no crescimento/desenvolvimento e produtividade da planta de morangueiro da cultivar “Diamante”, bem como na qualidade do fruto. O ensaio foi realizado na Universidade de Trásos-Montes e Alto Douro (latitude 41°17’ N, longitude 7°44’ W, altitude 465 m), sendo conduzido em vasos, numa câmara de crescimento. O tratamento consistiu na aplicação foliar dos bioestimulantes de 15 em 15 dias durante todo o período vegetativo e produtivo. Ao longo do ensaio, foram avaliados vários parâmetros fisiológicos nas folhas dos morangueiros, tais como as trocas gasosas, fuga de eletrólitos, conteúdo relativo em água, pigmentos fotossintéticos, compostos fenólicos, atividade antioxidante, açúcares e amido. Em relação aos frutos foram determinados parâmetros de rotina e qualidade, nomeadamente, características biométricas, teor em sólidos solúveis totais, pH e acidez titulável. No final do ensaio realizouse a análise de crescimento das plantas e avaliou-se a sua produtividade. De um modo geral, os resultados obtidos neste estudo, apesar de não apresentaram diferenças significativas, revelaram potenciais benefícios da aplicação de bioestimulantes no aumento da produção e na resposta das plantas em condições de défice hídrico, com efeitos positivos nas trocas gasosas, na fuga de eletrólitos, no conteúdo relativo em água, no teor de pigmentos fotossintéticos, na concentração de compostos fenólicos e na atividade antioxidante. Por outro lado, o fator responsável pelas diferenças observadas nos parâmetros qualitativos dos frutos e na concentração de açúcares solúveis e de amido foi, essencialmente, o regime de rega aplicado.
The strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is produced in various regions of the world, with a greater predominance in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. In Portugal, the region of Ribatejo and West represents about 50 to 60% of the national production area. This crop adapts to various types of climates, preferring well drained and rich in organic matter soils, and is very sensitive to salinity and waterlogging. Having these characteristics in consideration, the application of biostimulants can be a strategy to improve plant performance as well as the fruit quality so appreciated by consumers. Therefore, the main objective was to study the effect of the watering regime and the pre-harvest application of two seaweed-based biostimulants (Ascophyllum nodosum), with the designation N19-67 (0.4%) and N19-68 (0.2%), focused on the growth, productivity and fruit quality of the strawberry plant of the "Diamante" cultivar. The study was conducted at the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (latitude 41°17' N, longitude 7°44' W, altitude 465 m), and it has occurred in pot at a growth chamber with foliar application of biostimulants every 15 days throughout the vegetative and productive period. Several physiological parameters were evaluated in strawberry leaves, such as gas exchange, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, sugars and starch. Besides, were also determined biometric characteristics, content in total soluble solids, pH and acidity at fruit level. At the end of the study, the plant growth analysis was performed and productivity was evaluated. Although the results obtained in this study were not statistically significant, it was possible to observe potential benefits of the application of biostimulants in several parameters such as: increase of production, and in the response of plants under water deficit conditions, with positive effects on gas exchange, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, photosynthetic pigment content and phenolic compound contents and antioxidant activity. On the other hand, the water regime was the main factor responsible for the differences observed in the quality parameters of the fruit and in the concentration of soluble sugars and starch.
The strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is produced in various regions of the world, with a greater predominance in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. In Portugal, the region of Ribatejo and West represents about 50 to 60% of the national production area. This crop adapts to various types of climates, preferring well drained and rich in organic matter soils, and is very sensitive to salinity and waterlogging. Having these characteristics in consideration, the application of biostimulants can be a strategy to improve plant performance as well as the fruit quality so appreciated by consumers. Therefore, the main objective was to study the effect of the watering regime and the pre-harvest application of two seaweed-based biostimulants (Ascophyllum nodosum), with the designation N19-67 (0.4%) and N19-68 (0.2%), focused on the growth, productivity and fruit quality of the strawberry plant of the "Diamante" cultivar. The study was conducted at the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (latitude 41°17' N, longitude 7°44' W, altitude 465 m), and it has occurred in pot at a growth chamber with foliar application of biostimulants every 15 days throughout the vegetative and productive period. Several physiological parameters were evaluated in strawberry leaves, such as gas exchange, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, sugars and starch. Besides, were also determined biometric characteristics, content in total soluble solids, pH and acidity at fruit level. At the end of the study, the plant growth analysis was performed and productivity was evaluated. Although the results obtained in this study were not statistically significant, it was possible to observe potential benefits of the application of biostimulants in several parameters such as: increase of production, and in the response of plants under water deficit conditions, with positive effects on gas exchange, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, photosynthetic pigment content and phenolic compound contents and antioxidant activity. On the other hand, the water regime was the main factor responsible for the differences observed in the quality parameters of the fruit and in the concentration of soluble sugars and starch.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica
Palavras-chave
Morangueiro , Ascophyllum nodosum