Avaliação da classificação morfológica de caprinos da Raça Serrana
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2022-05-02
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A Classificação Morfológica Linear (CML) é uma ferramenta de melhoramento animal cujo uso é imprescindível, na avaliação dos reprodutores e na realização de emparelhamentos, nalgumas raças mais desenvolvidas, mas que não expressa o seu potencial na maioria das outras porque é pouco utilizada, especialmente nas raças autóctones. É uma metodologia usada para avaliar as qualidades e/ou os defeitos de animais com base em medidas concretas, cujas ponderações geram uma pontuação final do animal e não confiando apenas na observação visual, que é muito dependente de cada observador. Esta nota permite comparar os potenciais reprodutores numa escala de 0 a 100 pontos, independentemente da exploração a que pertençam, servindo como suporte na seleção dos melhores animais para futuros reprodutores em possíveis emparelhamentos. Na raça caprina Serrana, este método de avaliação foi introduzido há relativamente pouco tempo (desde 2016) e, como não foi criado um sistema de classificação morfológica próprio para a raça, os animais são avaliados pelos técnicos da ANCRAS tendo por base um sistema criado especialmente para caprinos leiteiros. Facto que pode gerar problemas de fiabilidade, derivados do uso de um método concebido especificamente para caprinos leiteiros numa raça autóctone de aptidão mista, cujas características podem ser muito diferentes das de raças mais selecionadas, das quais se destacam a grande rusticidade e adaptação aos recursos do seu solar de origem, que muitas vezes são escassos. Para além disso, a realização da CML nesta raça consiste na anotação dos valores medidos ou atribuídos em cada caracter, que ficam registados na base de dados do livro genealógico e dão origem a um determinado valor de pontuação do animal sem significado. Por estes motivos, é crucial a criação de um sistema de CML especialmente concebido para a raça, de modo que se possa usufruir devidamente desta ferramenta com tantas potencialidades, quando usada corretamente. Para a elaboração deste trabalho, foram recolhidas o máximo de medições possíveis de animais da raça caprina autóctone Serrana, pertencentes às explorações que foram visitadas durante um estágio realizado na ANCRAS, as quais foram adicionadas à base de dados das CML realizadas desde 2016, permitindo assim obter uma amostra mais significativa e mais representativa da raça. Após uma edição inicial dos dados, que resultou numa base de trabalho Avaliação da Classificação Morfológica de Caprinos da Raça Serrana X apenas com animais do ecótipo Transmontano, estes foram tratados e foi feita uma análise estatística das características morfológicas. A partir daqui, foi feito um estudo inicial para um melhor conhecimento dos caprinos Serranos Transmontanos e foram criados os alicerces necessários para a criação do sistema de pontuação. Foram definidos os limites biológicos da raça para cada caracter, o método de avaliação foi homogeneizado com a transposição dos caracteres mensuráveis para a mesma escala linear (de 1 a 9 valores) que os não mensuráveis, foi criada uma ponderação entre as Grandes Regiões que se considerou adequada e após a análise de todos os elementos necessários, foi finalmente construído o Sistema de Cálculo da Pontuação Final da CML, assim como as fórmulas necessárias para o implementar. Este sistema poderá ser usado no programa de gestão do livro genealógico da raça, permitindo obter automaticamente a pontuação final de cada animal, apenas com a introdução das medidas recolhidas nos caracteres que fazem parte da CML.
Linear Morphological Classification (CML) is an animal breeding tool that is essential for use in some more developed breeds, in the evaluation of breeders and in the performance of pairings, but which does not express its potential in most others because of is minor use, especially in native breeds. It is a methodology to assess the qualities and/or defects of animals based on concrete measures, whose weights generate a final score for the animal and not by relying only on visual observation, which is very dependent on the observer source. This score allows comparison between potential breeders on a scale from 0 to 100 points, regardless of the farm to which they belong, serving as an aid in selecting the best animals for future breeders in possible pairings. In the Serrana goat breed, this evaluation method was introduced recently (since 2016) and, as a morphological classification system was not created for the breed, the animals are evaluated by ANCRAS technicians based on a system created especially for dairy goats. A fact that can generate reliability problems, deriving from the use of a method designed specifically for dairy goats in a dual-purpose autochthonous breed, whose characteristics can be very different from those of more selected breeds, among which stand out the great rusticity and adaptation to the resources of their original habitat, which are often scarce. Besides, the realization of the CML in this breed consists of noting the values measured or attributed to each character, which are registered in the herd book's database and give rise to a meaningless score for the animal. For these reasons, it is crucial to create a CML system specially designed for the breed, so that this tool, with so much potential when used correctly, can be properly used. For this work, maximum measurements were collected from animals of the native Serrana goat breed, belonging to the farms that were visited during an internship carried out at ANCRAS and these were added to the database of the CML carried out since 2016, allowing to get a more significant and representative sample of the race. After initial editing of the data, which resulted in a work base only with animals of the Transmontano ecotype, they were treated and statistical analysis of the morphological characteristics of the breed was carried out. Avaliação da Classificação Morfológica de Caprinos da Raça Serrana XII From here, an initial study was carried out to better understand the Serranos Transmontanos goats and the necessary foundations were created for the creation of the scoring system. The biological limits were defined for each character, the evaluation method was homogenized by transposing the measurable characters to the same linear scale (1 to 9 values) as the non-measurable ones, a weighting was created between the Major Regions that was considered adequate and after analysing all the necessary elements, the final CML score calculation system was built, as well as the necessary formulas to implement it. This system can be used in the breed's herd book management program, allowing to automatically obtain the final score for each animal, just by entering the measurements collected in the characters that are part of the CML.
Linear Morphological Classification (CML) is an animal breeding tool that is essential for use in some more developed breeds, in the evaluation of breeders and in the performance of pairings, but which does not express its potential in most others because of is minor use, especially in native breeds. It is a methodology to assess the qualities and/or defects of animals based on concrete measures, whose weights generate a final score for the animal and not by relying only on visual observation, which is very dependent on the observer source. This score allows comparison between potential breeders on a scale from 0 to 100 points, regardless of the farm to which they belong, serving as an aid in selecting the best animals for future breeders in possible pairings. In the Serrana goat breed, this evaluation method was introduced recently (since 2016) and, as a morphological classification system was not created for the breed, the animals are evaluated by ANCRAS technicians based on a system created especially for dairy goats. A fact that can generate reliability problems, deriving from the use of a method designed specifically for dairy goats in a dual-purpose autochthonous breed, whose characteristics can be very different from those of more selected breeds, among which stand out the great rusticity and adaptation to the resources of their original habitat, which are often scarce. Besides, the realization of the CML in this breed consists of noting the values measured or attributed to each character, which are registered in the herd book's database and give rise to a meaningless score for the animal. For these reasons, it is crucial to create a CML system specially designed for the breed, so that this tool, with so much potential when used correctly, can be properly used. For this work, maximum measurements were collected from animals of the native Serrana goat breed, belonging to the farms that were visited during an internship carried out at ANCRAS and these were added to the database of the CML carried out since 2016, allowing to get a more significant and representative sample of the race. After initial editing of the data, which resulted in a work base only with animals of the Transmontano ecotype, they were treated and statistical analysis of the morphological characteristics of the breed was carried out. Avaliação da Classificação Morfológica de Caprinos da Raça Serrana XII From here, an initial study was carried out to better understand the Serranos Transmontanos goats and the necessary foundations were created for the creation of the scoring system. The biological limits were defined for each character, the evaluation method was homogenized by transposing the measurable characters to the same linear scale (1 to 9 values) as the non-measurable ones, a weighting was created between the Major Regions that was considered adequate and after analysing all the necessary elements, the final CML score calculation system was built, as well as the necessary formulas to implement it. This system can be used in the breed's herd book management program, allowing to automatically obtain the final score for each animal, just by entering the measurements collected in the characters that are part of the CML.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica
Palavras-chave
caprinos , raça Serrana