Avaliação sanitária em caça maior
Data
2022-05-24
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
A caça é uma atividade tão antiga quanto a humanidade, e desde que regulamentada é sem dúvida um instrumento de grande importância na conservação da natureza, como é possível comprovar pelos vários exemplos de conservação associados à cinegética e à sua importância económica e social em todo o mundo, não esquecendo que se trata também de uma atividade de grande importância para a economia do interior do nosso país. Esta atividade é também de grande importância para o conhecimento e controlo das doenças que afetam as espécies selvagens. Com o aumento considerável da população de javalis em Portugal aumenta também a importância de conhecer o estado sanitário dos javalis no nosso país. Sendo o javali um reservatório e potencial disseminador de zoonoses como é o caso da brucelose e mal rubro, para além de um risco para a saúde pública, estas doenças representam também um grande risco para as suiniculturas, principalmente para as de regime extensivo, levando a grandes perdas económicas. O objetivo deste estudo passou por obter informação sobre a seroprevalência de Mal rubro e Brucelose suína na população de javalis do distrito da Guarda. Para este efeito durante a época venatória de 2019/2020, foram recolhidas cento e onze amostras de sangue de javali (sessenta e quatro fêmeas adultas, trinta e oito machos adultos, cinco fêmeas jovens e quatro machos jovens), em oito zonas de caça diferentes distribuídas por quatro concelhos do distrito da Guarda (Guarda, Almeida, Pinhel e Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo). Estes animais foram caçados, na sua maioria, através do processo de montaria, embora alguns tenham sido obtidos através dos processos de salto e espera. Foi obtida uma seroprevalência de 16,2% para Mal Rubro e de 22,5% para Brucelose suína. Estatisticamente, as diferenças não são significativas entre os quatro concelhos analisados para o caso da Brucelose, mas são para o Mal Rubro. Sabese que a probabilidade de encontrar um animal seropositivo no concelho de Pinhel é 5 vezes maiorque nos restantes (Odds ratio=5,4, p-value <0,05). Neste contexto, sempre que não são tomados os devidos cuidados de higiene(uso de luvas, eliminação de subprodutos), podem advir graves consequências para a saúde dequem manipula as carcaças (doenças ocupacionais) e para a dos animais. Durante o período de estudo foram efetuados questionários, com o objetivo de recolher informações acerca da exposição dos caçadores a carcaças com indícios de algumas patologias, sobre a forma como as mesmas são tratadas, das regras de higiene utilizadas no seu manuseamento, da forma como são tratados todos os subprodutos e resíduos provenientes dos vi javalis e tentar perceber também, qual a abertura dos caçadores em relação à presença do médico veterinário nos atos cinegéticos e, qual o seu interesse em obter formação na área. Foram questionados 100 caçadores em montarias e convívios de caça, que apesar de alguma falta de informação demonstraram uma grande abertura e interesse tanto pelo tema deste trabalho como vontadede obter formação na área. Neste sentido, pretende-se efetuar uma formação sobre o tema em questão na área de estudo, com o intuito de sensibilizar os intervenientes da caça para o risco associado a estas doenças zoonóticas.
Hunting is an activity as old as humanity, and since regulated, it is undoubtedly an instrument of great importance in conservation of nature, as can be seen from the multiples exam-ples of conservation associated with hunting, its economic and social importance all over the world, not forgetting that it is an activity of high economic importance, especially in the interiorof our country. It is also very importante when it comes to aknowledge and control the diseases that affect wild species. With the considerable increase in the wild boar population in Portugal, knowing the health status of wild boars in our country also increases. As the wild boar is a reservoir and potential disseminator of zoonoses such as brucellosis and swine Erysipela, in addition to a risk to public health, they also represent a great risk for pig farms, especially for those with extensive regime, leading to large economic losses. The aim of this study is to obtain information about the seroprevalence of these two infectious agents in the wild boar population in the district of Guarda. For this purpose, during the 2019/2020 hunting season, one hundred and eleven wild boar blood samples were collected (sixty four adult females, thirty eight adult males, five young females and four young males) in eight different hunting areas spread over four municipalities. from the district of Guarda (Guarda, Almeida, Pinhel and Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo). These animals were mostly hunted through the montaria process, although some were obtained through the waiting processes. A seroprevalence of 16.2% was obtained for swine Erysipela and 22.5% for Brucellosis. Statistically, the differences are not significant between the four municipalities analyzed for the Bru- cellosis case, but they are for the swine Erysipela. It is known that the possibility of finding anpositive animal in the municipality of Pinhel is five times bigger than in the others (Odds ratio=5,4, p-value <0,05) In this context, whenever proper hygiene care is not taken (use of gloves, disposal of byproducts), serious consequences can result for the health of those handling the carcasses (occupational diseases) and for the animals. During the study period, questionnaires were carried out in order to collect information about their exposure to carcasses with evidence of some pathologies, on the way the carcasses are treated, on the hygiene rules used in the its handling, the way in which all by-products and residues from wild boars are treated and also, an effort to understand the openness of hunters in relation to the presence of the veterinarian in hunting activities and what is their interest in viii obtaining training in the area. A hundred hunters were questioned on montarias and hunting meetings, who, despite some lack of information, showed great openness and interest in both the topic of this work and also the desire to obtain training in the area. In this sense, it is intended to carry out training on the subject in question in the study area, with the aim of sensitizing those involved in hunting to the risk associated with these zoonotic diseases.
Hunting is an activity as old as humanity, and since regulated, it is undoubtedly an instrument of great importance in conservation of nature, as can be seen from the multiples exam-ples of conservation associated with hunting, its economic and social importance all over the world, not forgetting that it is an activity of high economic importance, especially in the interiorof our country. It is also very importante when it comes to aknowledge and control the diseases that affect wild species. With the considerable increase in the wild boar population in Portugal, knowing the health status of wild boars in our country also increases. As the wild boar is a reservoir and potential disseminator of zoonoses such as brucellosis and swine Erysipela, in addition to a risk to public health, they also represent a great risk for pig farms, especially for those with extensive regime, leading to large economic losses. The aim of this study is to obtain information about the seroprevalence of these two infectious agents in the wild boar population in the district of Guarda. For this purpose, during the 2019/2020 hunting season, one hundred and eleven wild boar blood samples were collected (sixty four adult females, thirty eight adult males, five young females and four young males) in eight different hunting areas spread over four municipalities. from the district of Guarda (Guarda, Almeida, Pinhel and Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo). These animals were mostly hunted through the montaria process, although some were obtained through the waiting processes. A seroprevalence of 16.2% was obtained for swine Erysipela and 22.5% for Brucellosis. Statistically, the differences are not significant between the four municipalities analyzed for the Bru- cellosis case, but they are for the swine Erysipela. It is known that the possibility of finding anpositive animal in the municipality of Pinhel is five times bigger than in the others (Odds ratio=5,4, p-value <0,05) In this context, whenever proper hygiene care is not taken (use of gloves, disposal of byproducts), serious consequences can result for the health of those handling the carcasses (occupational diseases) and for the animals. During the study period, questionnaires were carried out in order to collect information about their exposure to carcasses with evidence of some pathologies, on the way the carcasses are treated, on the hygiene rules used in the its handling, the way in which all by-products and residues from wild boars are treated and also, an effort to understand the openness of hunters in relation to the presence of the veterinarian in hunting activities and what is their interest in viii obtaining training in the area. A hundred hunters were questioned on montarias and hunting meetings, who, despite some lack of information, showed great openness and interest in both the topic of this work and also the desire to obtain training in the area. In this sense, it is intended to carry out training on the subject in question in the study area, with the aim of sensitizing those involved in hunting to the risk associated with these zoonotic diseases.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Brucelose , javali