Estudo anatómico e morfométrico da região infraorbitária em gatos
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2022-07-26
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A morfologia da região infraorbitária do gato é um tema pouco explorado, apesar do seu conhecimento ser fundamental para melhor realizar procedimentos do foro maxilofacial ou oftalmológico. O nosso estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar, sob o ponto de vista morfométrico, esta região anatómica e encontrar rácios ou correlações entre parâmetros úteis para planeamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos ou anestésicos.
Com base na análise de exames tomográficos da cabeça de 24 gatos domésticos, (Felis silvestris catus), mesaticéfalos de conformação craniana e de raça Europeu Comum, de ambos os sexos, adultos (média de idades de 10,00±3,73 anos), avaliamos os seguintes parâmetros morféticos em duas sessões separadas: altura, largura e comprimento do orifício infraorbitário, largura entre os orifícios infraorbitários, altura e largura do globo ocular, largura do arco zigomático, bem como o comprimento e a largura do crânio. Foram obtidos os rácios a partir destas medidas lineares e comparadas as diferenças entre os sexos. Fizemos um estudo da correlação entre as variáveis.
A análise de Bland-Altman e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasses (CCI) indicaram uma repetibilidade intraobservador estatisticamente adequada, pelo que consideramos que, de futuro, para um observador treinado, possa ser considerada apenas uma sessão de medidas, ao invés das duas sessões realizadas neste trabalho.
Os resultados obtidos revelaram a presença de dimorfismo sexual, tendo os machos apresentado, em alguns parâmetros, dimensões significativamente superiores às fêmeas (P<0,005), nos parâmetros da altura e largura dos orifícios infraorbitários e do comprimento e largura do crânio. No futuro, a utilização dos rácios entre as dimensões do crânio e as dimensões do orifício e canal infraorbitários permitirá a comparação entre valores de animais com diferentes tamanhos, retirando o efeito da dimensão do crânio.
Com o intuito estimar as dimensões do orifício infraorbitário e do comprimento do canal infraorbitário, sem ter que recorrer a meios imagiológicos avançados, foi realizada uma análise de regressão entre a largura do orifício infraorbitário e o comprimento do crânio, resultando a reta de regressão: y = 0,0499x - 1,772. Assim, futuramente, podemos estimar um valor da largura do orifício infraorbitário conhecendo o comprimento do crânio. Da análise de regressão entre o comprimento do canal infraorbitário e a largura do crânio, obtivemos a reta de regressão: y = 0,0739x + 0,7427. Assim, podemos estimar o valor de comprimento do canal infraorbitário, a partir da medida da largura do crânio.
A escassa bibliografia existente sobre esta região anatómica, especialmente em felinos, leva-nos a considerar que os resultados obtidos são uma contribuição para a caracterização da região infraorbitária no gato mesaticefálico. A nossa amostra incluiu também dois gatos da raça Persa e um gato da raça Europeu Comum com três meses. Apesar do seu reduzido número, observámos diferenças apreciáveis relativamente aos gatos adultos da raça Europeu Comum que merecem ser exploradas com uma amostra mais abrangente. Assim, será importante a realização de mais estudos sobre esta região em diferentes raças de gatos, especialmente braquicefálicas, bem como em distintos períodos de desenvolvimento.
The anatomy and morphology of the infraorbital region is a topic that has not yet been developed in Veterinary Medicine, even though the knowledge of this region is essential to enhance the performance of oral or ophthalmological procedures. Our study aimed to characterize this anatomical region and to find the correlations between parameters that are useful for surgical or anesthetic procedures. Based on the analysis of CT scans of the head of 24 domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) with mesaticephalic cranial conformation, European Shorthair breed, of both genders and with an average age of 10,00±3,73 years, the following morphological parameters were evaluated: height, width and length of the infraorbital foramen, width between the infraorbital foramens, height and width of the eyeball, width of the zygomatic arch, as well as the length and width of the cranium. The ratios were also obtained from these linear measures and the differences between the genders were compared. A correlation study was performed between the variables. The Bland-Altman analysis and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated a statistically adequate intraobserver repeatability so, in the future, for a trained observer a single session may be considered. The results revealed the presence of sexual dimorphism, with males having dimensions significantly higher than females (P<0.005) in the following parameters: height and width of infraorbital foramen and length and width of the cranium. In the future, the use of ratios between the dimensions of the cranium and the dimensions of the infraorbital foramen and canal may allow the comparison between different sized animals, removing the effect of the skull dimension. In order to estimate the dimensions of the infraorbital foramen and the length of the infraorbital canal, without having to resort to advanced imaging means, we have done a regression analysis between the width of infraorbital foramen and the length of the cranium and obtained the regression line: y=0.0499x-1.772. Thus, in the future we can estimate the value of the width of the infraorbital foramen from the measurement of the length of the skull. From the regression analysis between the length of the infraorbital foramen and the width of the skull we obtained the regression line: y=0.0739x+0.7427. Thus, we can estimate the value of the length of the infraorbital foramen from the measurement of the width of the skull. The lack of existing literature on this anatomical region, especially in felines, makes us consider the results obtained in the present study as a contribution to the characterization of the infraorbitary region in cats. Our sample also included two Persian cats and a three-month-old European short hair. Despite the small number of individuals, the differences we found between the adult European short hair cats and the three-month-old European short hair cat are worth to be better explored, using a wider sample. It would be important to study this region further, exploring the differences between different breeds, especially brachycephalic breeds, as well as during the development period.
The anatomy and morphology of the infraorbital region is a topic that has not yet been developed in Veterinary Medicine, even though the knowledge of this region is essential to enhance the performance of oral or ophthalmological procedures. Our study aimed to characterize this anatomical region and to find the correlations between parameters that are useful for surgical or anesthetic procedures. Based on the analysis of CT scans of the head of 24 domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) with mesaticephalic cranial conformation, European Shorthair breed, of both genders and with an average age of 10,00±3,73 years, the following morphological parameters were evaluated: height, width and length of the infraorbital foramen, width between the infraorbital foramens, height and width of the eyeball, width of the zygomatic arch, as well as the length and width of the cranium. The ratios were also obtained from these linear measures and the differences between the genders were compared. A correlation study was performed between the variables. The Bland-Altman analysis and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated a statistically adequate intraobserver repeatability so, in the future, for a trained observer a single session may be considered. The results revealed the presence of sexual dimorphism, with males having dimensions significantly higher than females (P<0.005) in the following parameters: height and width of infraorbital foramen and length and width of the cranium. In the future, the use of ratios between the dimensions of the cranium and the dimensions of the infraorbital foramen and canal may allow the comparison between different sized animals, removing the effect of the skull dimension. In order to estimate the dimensions of the infraorbital foramen and the length of the infraorbital canal, without having to resort to advanced imaging means, we have done a regression analysis between the width of infraorbital foramen and the length of the cranium and obtained the regression line: y=0.0499x-1.772. Thus, in the future we can estimate the value of the width of the infraorbital foramen from the measurement of the length of the skull. From the regression analysis between the length of the infraorbital foramen and the width of the skull we obtained the regression line: y=0.0739x+0.7427. Thus, we can estimate the value of the length of the infraorbital foramen from the measurement of the width of the skull. The lack of existing literature on this anatomical region, especially in felines, makes us consider the results obtained in the present study as a contribution to the characterization of the infraorbitary region in cats. Our sample also included two Persian cats and a three-month-old European short hair. Despite the small number of individuals, the differences we found between the adult European short hair cats and the three-month-old European short hair cat are worth to be better explored, using a wider sample. It would be important to study this region further, exploring the differences between different breeds, especially brachycephalic breeds, as well as during the development period.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Gato doméstico , Tomografia computorizada