Estudo da dinâmica do golo em futsal: Análise de padrões escondidos de todos os golos da fase regular da Liga Espanhola de Futbol Sala, temporada 2005/2006.
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2010
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No presente estudo recorremos à Metodologia Observacional para perceber a dinâmica da origem dos golos em futsal tendo como referência todos os golos da fase regular da Liga Nacional Espanhola de Fútbol Sala (División Honor), bem como detectar alguns padrões de comportamento da equipa Lobelle de Santiago, tanto nos golos efectuados como nos golos sofridos. Como tal, criou-se uma ferramenta de observação had hoc, constituída por formatos de campo e com sistemas de categorias, particularmente orientado para a análise e descrição das jogadas que resultam em golo, no futsal.
A análise da qualidade dos dados foi elaborada através da concordância intra-observador, verificado por intermédio do índice de fiabilidade de Kappa. O instrumento revelou-se suficientemente discriminativo, cumprindo os requisitos para o objectivo para o qual foi criado.
Nesta investigação, registaram-se 1548 golos correspondentes a 206 jogos envolvendo 16 equipas do qual resultaram 8329 eventos codificados. Ainda de forma objectiva foram analisados os 126 golos marcados pela equipa do Lobelle de Santiago e os 99 golos sofridos pela mesma equipa do Lobelle de Santiago, num universo de 30 sessões de 40 minutos cada do qual resultaram 1143 eventos codificados, dos quais 678 pertencem aos golos a favor e 465 aos golos contra, segundo um registo contínuo e perante um procedimento sistemático de observação.
Os dados codificados foram submetidos a análise sequencial através SDIS-GSEQ (Bakeman e Quera, 1996), para verificar a probabilidade de existência de relações de associação significativas entre as diferentes categorias do instrumento de observação, assim como a força de coesão existente entre a conduta critério e as condutas objecto. Complementarmente, com o apoio de uma ferramenta estatística específica, o THÈME 5.0 (Magnusson et al., 2004) foi-nos possível analisar e caracterizar padrões de comportamento (T-pattern) correspondentes a equipa do Lobelle de Santiago.
A análise dos resultados permitiu concluir que, a fase de jogo que garante mais golos é o ataque posicional, com 31,4%, logo a seguir destacam-se as situações de ataque rápido e de contra ataque, com 29,1%, e por último as situações de bola parada, com 28,3%. Estas fases somadas contabilizam aproximadamente 90 % do total dos golos. Ainda, concluiu-se que existe uma maior percentagem de golos obtidos nos corredores centrais nos últimos 10 metros do campo. Por outro lado os dados indicam que há valores relevantes de passes ao 2º poste que originam golo.
No que a uma só equipa diz respeito e analisando somente os padrões completos, visto serem os que contêm maior aglomeração de informação, os resultados demonstraram que os padrões de jogada apresentados traduzem jogadas simples e básicas do futsal. Tais como jogadas de pivot, paralelas, diagonais e jogadas de bola parada e correspondem a 27 golos (21%), quase um quarto das jogadas finalizadas com êxito desta equipa.
In this study we used the Observational Methodology to understand the dynamics of the origin of goals in futsal with reference to all the goals of the regular phase of the Spanish Liga Nacional de Fútbol Sala (División Honor), and detect some patterns of team Lobelle de Santiago, both in goals made and goals conceded. As such, was created an observation tool had hoc, consisting of field formats and category systems, particularly suited for the analysis and description of the moves that result in goal in futsal. The analysis of data quality has been produced by intra-rater, verified through the reliability index Kappa. The instrument has proved sufficiently discriminative, fulfilling the requirements for the purpose for which it was created. In this investigation, there were 1548 goals corresponding to 206 matches that involved 16 teams which resulted in 8329 events encoded. Were analyzed objectively the 126 goals scored by team Lobelle de Santiago and the 99 goals conceded by the same team Lobelle de Santiago, in a universe of 30 sessions of 40 minutes each which resulted in 1143 events encoded, of which 678 belong to goals for and 465 to goals against, according to a streak and facing a systematic procedure for observation. The encoded data were analyzed by sequential SDIS-GSEQ (Bakeman and Quera, 1996), to check the likelihood of significant association relationship between different categories of the observation instrument, as well as the cohesive force between the conduct criteria and conduct object. In addition, with the support of a specific statistical tool, the THÈME 5.0 (Magnusson et al., 2004) we were able to analyze and characterize patterns of behavior (T-pattern) corresponding to the team Lobelle de Santiago. The results showed that the phase of the game which guarantees more goals is the positional attack with 31.4%, just below there are the situations of rapid attack and counterattack, with 29.1% and finally the dead-ball situations, with 28.3%. These phases combined account for approximately 90% of all goals. Still, it was concluded that there is a higher percentage of goals achieved in the central aisles in the last 10 meters of the field. Furthermore the data indicate that there are significant amounts of passes to the 2nd post that originate goal. With respect to a single team and analyzing only the comprehensive standards, since they are the largest conurbation containing information, the results showed that the patterns of play presented translated simple and basic moves of futsal. Such as pivot moves, parallel, diagonal, and dead-ball match and correspond to 27 goals (21%), almost one quarter of the moves this team successfully completed.
In this study we used the Observational Methodology to understand the dynamics of the origin of goals in futsal with reference to all the goals of the regular phase of the Spanish Liga Nacional de Fútbol Sala (División Honor), and detect some patterns of team Lobelle de Santiago, both in goals made and goals conceded. As such, was created an observation tool had hoc, consisting of field formats and category systems, particularly suited for the analysis and description of the moves that result in goal in futsal. The analysis of data quality has been produced by intra-rater, verified through the reliability index Kappa. The instrument has proved sufficiently discriminative, fulfilling the requirements for the purpose for which it was created. In this investigation, there were 1548 goals corresponding to 206 matches that involved 16 teams which resulted in 8329 events encoded. Were analyzed objectively the 126 goals scored by team Lobelle de Santiago and the 99 goals conceded by the same team Lobelle de Santiago, in a universe of 30 sessions of 40 minutes each which resulted in 1143 events encoded, of which 678 belong to goals for and 465 to goals against, according to a streak and facing a systematic procedure for observation. The encoded data were analyzed by sequential SDIS-GSEQ (Bakeman and Quera, 1996), to check the likelihood of significant association relationship between different categories of the observation instrument, as well as the cohesive force between the conduct criteria and conduct object. In addition, with the support of a specific statistical tool, the THÈME 5.0 (Magnusson et al., 2004) we were able to analyze and characterize patterns of behavior (T-pattern) corresponding to the team Lobelle de Santiago. The results showed that the phase of the game which guarantees more goals is the positional attack with 31.4%, just below there are the situations of rapid attack and counterattack, with 29.1% and finally the dead-ball situations, with 28.3%. These phases combined account for approximately 90% of all goals. Still, it was concluded that there is a higher percentage of goals achieved in the central aisles in the last 10 meters of the field. Furthermore the data indicate that there are significant amounts of passes to the 2nd post that originate goal. With respect to a single team and analyzing only the comprehensive standards, since they are the largest conurbation containing information, the results showed that the patterns of play presented translated simple and basic moves of futsal. Such as pivot moves, parallel, diagonal, and dead-ball match and correspond to 27 goals (21%), almost one quarter of the moves this team successfully completed.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Observação e Análise do Movimento Humano
Palavras-chave
Futsal , Processo Ofensivo , Padrões de Jogo , Metodologia Observacional , Golos