Análise do processo ofensivo em Futebol: Estudo centrado nas sequências de passe
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2008
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O objectivo do presente estudo foi identificar diferenças nas variáveis de tempo e movimento da bola e sequências de passe, em jogos disputados pelas equipas presentes no Campeonato da Europa de Futebol Sénior masculino, realizado em Portugal no ano de 2004 em função do resultado das sequências e do sucesso das equipas. Foram analisados os 31 jogos disputados, sendo que 24 pertenceram à fase de grupos (primeira fase) e 7 jogos pertenceram à fase final (segunda fase) desta competição. Foram analisadas 9064 sequências de passe, sendo que destas, 8218 foram abortadas (ABORT), 514 foram sem êxito (SE), 258 foram com êxito parcial (EP) e 74 com êxito total (ET). Relativamente às sequências com finalização onde efectuamos ainda a análise ao deslocamento e à velocidade da bola, foram analisadas 525 sequências, das quais 278 foram sem êxito, 194 com êxito parcial e 53 com êxito total. Nestas variáveis cinemáticas (deslocamento e velocidade da bola), houve a necessidade de dividir a totalidade das sequências em mais grupos, devido aos elevados valores do desvio padrão. Assim, efectuamos uma análise de classificação automática (cluster analysis), que dividiu em dois grupos, que definimos como sequências de passe longas lentas (deslocamento e velocidade, média±d.p. 197±68,6m e 7,23±1,59m/s) e sequências de passe curtas/rápidas (65,4±31,8m e 10,56±5,58m/s). Quando comparamos os resultados do deslocamento e da velocidade da bola das sequências com finalização em função do êxito, verificou-se que existiram diferenças estatisticamente significativas, para o deslocamento da bola das sequências longas e lentas (Fd=7,18 p≤0,05; Fv=1,42 p=n.s., entre as sequências EP e ET e entre as sequências SE e ET) e para o deslocamento e a velocidade da bola nas sequências curtas e rápidas (Fd=3,23 p≤0,05; Fv=4,55 p≤0,05, deslocamento da bola entre as sequências SE e EP e velocidade da bola entre as sequências EP e ET). Quando realizamos a comparação entre os valores médios do deslocamento e da velocidade da bola das sequências com finalização, em função do resultado da equipa no jogo, verificamos que nas sequências longas e lentas existiram diferenças estatisticamente significativas no deslocamento da bola (Fd=6,799 p≤0,05, entre as sequências EP e ET e entre SE e ET), das equipas que obtêm a vitória nos jogos. Em relação às sequências curtas e rápidas encontramos diferenças estatisticamente significativas no deslocamento da bola, nas equipas que atingem a vitória (Fd=4,137 p≤0,05) e na velocidade da bola (Fv=6,323 p≤0,05) nas equipas que saem derrotadas do jogo. Relativamente ao número de passes das sequências em que se obtêm golo em valores absolutos, podemos verificar que 85,1% dos golos são obtidos por quatro ou menos passes. A comparação entre os valores do número de passes em função do êxito das sequências, mostrou-nos que existiram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas sequências abortadas (F=2,514 p≤0,05)(entre as número de passes 0-8, 1-8 e 2-8), e nas sequências EP (F=2,113 p≤0,05)( entre o número de passes 0-8 e 2-8). A comparação entre os valores do número de passes em função do êxito das sequências em relação à qualidade da equipa, mostrou-nos que não existiram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para as equipas apuradas e que se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para as equipas não apuradas. Diferenças estas que se constataram nas sequências abortadas (F=2,137 p≤0,05, entre o número de passes 0-8 e 2-8), e nas sequências EP (F=2,616 p≤0,05, entre o número de passes 0-8, 1-8, 2-8, 4-8, 5-8 e 7-8).
The purpose of this study was to identify differences in the variables of time and movement of the ball and sequences of passes in matches played by teams in the Masculine European Championship of Seniors (UEFA), held in Portugal in 2004, depending on the outcome of the sequences and the success of the teams. We analyzed the 31 matches played, from witch 24 belonged to the group phase (first phase) and 7 games belonged to the final stage (second phase) of this competition. We analyzed 9064 sequences of passes, and from these, 8218 were aborted (ABORT), 514 were without success (SE), 258 were successfully partial (EP) and 74 with complete success (ET). In what concerns sequences with completion where the analysis of displacement and speed of the ball was also made, 525 sequences were examined, from which 278 were unsuccessful, 194 with partial success and 53 with complete success. In these kinematic variables (displacement and speed of the ball) there was a need to divide all the sequences in more groups, due to the high values of standard deviation. Thus, an analysis of automatic classification (cluster analysis) is made, which split two groups, one is defined as having long sequences of slow pass (displacement and velocity, mean ± SD 197 ± 68,6m and 7,23 ± 1,59 m/s) and the other as having short/fast sequences of passes (65,4± 31,8 m and 10,56 ± 5,58 m/s). When comparing the results of displacement and speed of the ball with sequences of finishing point depending on the success, it was found that there were statistically significant differences, for the displacement of long and slow ball sequences (Fd=7,18 p≤0,05; Fv=1,42 p=n.s., between the EP and ET sequences and sequences between the SE and TE) and the displacement and speed of the ball in short and fast sequences (Fd=3,23 p≤0,05; Fv=4,55 p≤0,05, displacement of the ball between the sequences SE and EP and speed of the ball between the EP and ET sequences). When we conducted a comparison between the average values of displacement and speed of the ball with sequences of finishing point, according to the outcome of the team in the game, we noticed that sequences in the long and slow existed statistically significant differences in the displacement of the ball (Fd=6,799 p≤0,05, between the EP and ET sequences and between SE and TE), of the teams that get the victory in the games. In what concerns short and fast sequences, there are statistically significant differences about the displacement of the ball, in teams that reach the victory (Fd = 4,137 p ≤ 0.05) and about the speed of the ball, (Fv=6,323 p≤0,05) in the teams that are defeated. About the number of passes in the sequences that result in a goal(s) on absolute values, we can see that 85.1% of the goals are achieved by four or fewer passes. The comparison between the values of the number of passes according to the success of the sequences, showed us that there were statistically significant differences in the sequences aborted F=2,514 p≤0,05) (between the number of passes 0-8, 1-8 and 2-8), and the sequences EP (F=2,113 p≤0,05) (between the number of passes 0-8 and 2-8). The comparison between the values of the number of passes according to the success of sequences in relation to the quality of the team, showed us that there were no statistically significant differences for the successful teams and that there were statistically significant differences for the unsuccessful teams. These differences was found in the aborted sequences (F=2,137 p≤0,05, the number of passes between 0-8 and 2-8), and the sequences EP (F=2,616 p≤0,05, between the number of passes 0-8, 1-8, 2-8, 4-8, 5-8 and 7-8).
The purpose of this study was to identify differences in the variables of time and movement of the ball and sequences of passes in matches played by teams in the Masculine European Championship of Seniors (UEFA), held in Portugal in 2004, depending on the outcome of the sequences and the success of the teams. We analyzed the 31 matches played, from witch 24 belonged to the group phase (first phase) and 7 games belonged to the final stage (second phase) of this competition. We analyzed 9064 sequences of passes, and from these, 8218 were aborted (ABORT), 514 were without success (SE), 258 were successfully partial (EP) and 74 with complete success (ET). In what concerns sequences with completion where the analysis of displacement and speed of the ball was also made, 525 sequences were examined, from which 278 were unsuccessful, 194 with partial success and 53 with complete success. In these kinematic variables (displacement and speed of the ball) there was a need to divide all the sequences in more groups, due to the high values of standard deviation. Thus, an analysis of automatic classification (cluster analysis) is made, which split two groups, one is defined as having long sequences of slow pass (displacement and velocity, mean ± SD 197 ± 68,6m and 7,23 ± 1,59 m/s) and the other as having short/fast sequences of passes (65,4± 31,8 m and 10,56 ± 5,58 m/s). When comparing the results of displacement and speed of the ball with sequences of finishing point depending on the success, it was found that there were statistically significant differences, for the displacement of long and slow ball sequences (Fd=7,18 p≤0,05; Fv=1,42 p=n.s., between the EP and ET sequences and sequences between the SE and TE) and the displacement and speed of the ball in short and fast sequences (Fd=3,23 p≤0,05; Fv=4,55 p≤0,05, displacement of the ball between the sequences SE and EP and speed of the ball between the EP and ET sequences). When we conducted a comparison between the average values of displacement and speed of the ball with sequences of finishing point, according to the outcome of the team in the game, we noticed that sequences in the long and slow existed statistically significant differences in the displacement of the ball (Fd=6,799 p≤0,05, between the EP and ET sequences and between SE and TE), of the teams that get the victory in the games. In what concerns short and fast sequences, there are statistically significant differences about the displacement of the ball, in teams that reach the victory (Fd = 4,137 p ≤ 0.05) and about the speed of the ball, (Fv=6,323 p≤0,05) in the teams that are defeated. About the number of passes in the sequences that result in a goal(s) on absolute values, we can see that 85.1% of the goals are achieved by four or fewer passes. The comparison between the values of the number of passes according to the success of the sequences, showed us that there were statistically significant differences in the sequences aborted F=2,514 p≤0,05) (between the number of passes 0-8, 1-8 and 2-8), and the sequences EP (F=2,113 p≤0,05) (between the number of passes 0-8 and 2-8). The comparison between the values of the number of passes according to the success of sequences in relation to the quality of the team, showed us that there were no statistically significant differences for the successful teams and that there were statistically significant differences for the unsuccessful teams. These differences was found in the aborted sequences (F=2,137 p≤0,05, the number of passes between 0-8 and 2-8), and the sequences EP (F=2,616 p≤0,05, between the number of passes 0-8, 1-8, 2-8, 4-8, 5-8 and 7-8).
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Avaliação das Actividades Físicas e Desportivas
Palavras-chave
Futebol -- sequências ofensivas , Número de passes