Study of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) in large game hunted in Idanha-a-Nova county
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2009
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As campanhas de caça maior, parte delas relacionadas ao ecoturismo, são uma importante fonte de rendimentos e desenvolvimento para um número considerável de regiões em Portugal, sendo o concelho de Idanha-a-Nova um exemplo importante.
As doenças infecciosas que afectam as populações de caça maior são motivo de preocupação crescente, tanto a nível saúde veterinária como humana. Na Europa, durante a última década, a Tuberculose Bovina que está a afectar o desempenho de qualidade e sanidade nas espécies de caça maior também pode tornar-se numa ameaça à saúde pública, saúde animal e conservação de espécies ameaçadas (e. g., Lynx pardina).
Devido à sua importância, o principal objectivo deste estudo é a investigação e Tuberculose Bovina (TB) na população de caça maior no concelho de Idanha-a-Nova.
Os resultados revelaram uma prevalência geral da TB (em reses caçadas) de 11,5% em veados e 18,9% no javali, sendo estes valores mais elevados na parte sul do concelho onde a prevalência observada foi de 27,8% veado e 64,3% em javali. Estes resultados, salientam a importância desta doença zoonótica neste concelho, especialmente na parte sul.
Apesar da maior prevalência e dispersão da TB no javali em comparação com o veado, parece que o papel potencial desta espécie de caça maior na disseminação e manutenção de M. bovis é de menor importância em comparação com o veado. De acordo com todos os resultados observados neste estudo, ou seja, o tipo de lesões, a distribuição dos spoligotypes, a densidade de animais e a dispersão da TB, parece que o veado assume o papel mais importante na manutenção e transmissão da TB no concelho de Idanha-a-Nova, sendo o javali responsável pelo início de novos focos em áreas distantes, não atingidas por veados infectados. O spoligotyping e o uso dum Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) foram de grande importância para a compreensão de todas estas conclusões.
De acordo com estes resultados, as áreas do sul do concelho e as populações de veados devem ser as primeiras a estar sob atenção veterinária no sentido de melhorar o controle de vigilância e aplicar estratégias para reduzir a propagação da doença e a sua prevalência. Neste contexto, sublinhamos a importância que a inspecção da carne e a eliminação adequada dos subprodutos podem ter no controle da doença.
Large game hunting campaigns, part of them related to ecotourism, are important source of revenue and development for a considerable number of Portuguese regions, being Idanha-a-Nova county an important example. Infectious diseases affecting large game population are an issue of increasing concern both at Veterinarian and Medical level. During the last decade in Europe, Bovine Tuberculosis, that is affecting the quality performance and sanitary condition of game species, can also become a threat to public health, livestock health and conservation of endangered species (e.g. Lynx pardina). Due to its importance, the main objective of this study is the investigation of Bovine Tuberculosis (BT) in large game population in Idanha-a-Nova county. The results revealed an general BT prevalence (in hunted large game) of 11,5% in red deer and 18,9% in wild boar, being these values higher in the south part of the county where the observed prevalence was 27,8% in red deer and 64,3% in wild boar. These results, emphasises the importance of this zoonotic disease in this county, especially in the south part. Despite the higher prevalence and dispersion of BT in wild boar in comparison to red deer, it seems that the potential role of this large game in the M. bovis spread and maintenance is of lower importance comparing to red deer. According to all the results observed in this study, namely the type of lesions, spoligotypes profiles distribution, animals density and BT dispersion, it seems that red deer assumes the most important role in BT maintenance and transmission in Idanha-a-Nova county, being the wild boar responsible for the beginning of new focus in distant areas not reached by infected red deer. For the understanding of all these conclusions, the spoligotyping and the use of GIS were of major importance. According to our results, the southern areas of this county and red deer population should be the first ones to be under veterinarian concern in order to improve surveillance control and apply strategies to reduce disease spread and prevalence. In this context we underline the importance that meat inspection and the proper elimination of subproducts could have in the disease control.
Large game hunting campaigns, part of them related to ecotourism, are important source of revenue and development for a considerable number of Portuguese regions, being Idanha-a-Nova county an important example. Infectious diseases affecting large game population are an issue of increasing concern both at Veterinarian and Medical level. During the last decade in Europe, Bovine Tuberculosis, that is affecting the quality performance and sanitary condition of game species, can also become a threat to public health, livestock health and conservation of endangered species (e.g. Lynx pardina). Due to its importance, the main objective of this study is the investigation of Bovine Tuberculosis (BT) in large game population in Idanha-a-Nova county. The results revealed an general BT prevalence (in hunted large game) of 11,5% in red deer and 18,9% in wild boar, being these values higher in the south part of the county where the observed prevalence was 27,8% in red deer and 64,3% in wild boar. These results, emphasises the importance of this zoonotic disease in this county, especially in the south part. Despite the higher prevalence and dispersion of BT in wild boar in comparison to red deer, it seems that the potential role of this large game in the M. bovis spread and maintenance is of lower importance comparing to red deer. According to all the results observed in this study, namely the type of lesions, spoligotypes profiles distribution, animals density and BT dispersion, it seems that red deer assumes the most important role in BT maintenance and transmission in Idanha-a-Nova county, being the wild boar responsible for the beginning of new focus in distant areas not reached by infected red deer. For the understanding of all these conclusions, the spoligotyping and the use of GIS were of major importance. According to our results, the southern areas of this county and red deer population should be the first ones to be under veterinarian concern in order to improve surveillance control and apply strategies to reduce disease spread and prevalence. In this context we underline the importance that meat inspection and the proper elimination of subproducts could have in the disease control.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Bovinae , Doença infeciosa , Tuberculose , Idanha-a-Nova (Distrito de Castelo Branco, Portugal)