Bem-estar e percepção de saúde geral em estudantes universitários
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2010
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Este estudo teve como principal propósito, comparar as diferentes variáveis independentes (sexo, frequência de actividade física, ano curricular, deslocação da localidade de origem, regularidade de ida a casa e ter ou não namorado/a), a nível das dimensões do bem-estar psicológico (aceitação de si, autonomia, domínio do meio, relações positivas, objectivos na vida e crescimento pessoal) e percepção de saúde geral (depressão/tensão emocional e auto-eficácia).
Para o efeito, foram estudados 396 alunos universitários, sendo 156 indivíduos (39.4%) do sexo masculino e 240 (60.6%) do sexo feminino. A média das idades encontrou-se nos 22.1 anos. Os indivíduos da amostra responderam aos questionários referentes aos dados sócio-demográficos e frequência de actividade física, bem-estar psicológico e percepção de saúde geral (QSG-12).
Quanto aos resultados, em relação à análise factorial realizada ao QSG-12, foi apurada uma solução bifactorial, obtendo as seguintes dimensões: depressão/tensão emocional e auto-eficácia. Os resultados referentes aos objectivos específicos do estudo, evidenciaram que o sexo feminino apresentou piores níveis de percepção de auto-eficácia em relação ao sexo masculino. Conclui-se que, quem pratica actividade física com mais frequência, indicou melhores índices de bem-estar psicológico global, e nas dimensões de aceitação de si, domínio do meio, relações positivas com os outros e objectivos na vida. Quanto à percepção de saúde geral, verificou-se existirem diferenças significativas de médias entre a frequência de prática de actividade física ao nível da percepção de depressão/tensão emocional, auto-eficácia e de saúde geral, sendo que também quem pratica com mais frequência evidenciou melhores índices. Concluiu-se também que os alunos do 3º ano do primeiro ciclo (finalistas de licenciatura) evidenciaram pior percepção a nível de depressão/tensão emocional. Por último, verificou-se que quem tem namorado/a, em relação ao bem-estar psicológico, demonstrou melhores níveis nas dimensões do domínio do meio e objectivos de vida, e quanto à percepção de saúde geral, também evidenciaram melhores índices a nível da percepção de depressão/tensão emocional.
The main purpose of this study was to compare the different independent variables (gender, frequency of physical activity, academic year, displacement the location of origin, regularity of going home and have or not a boyfriend/girlfriend), into the level of the dimensions of psychological well-being (self-acceptance, autonomy, environmental mastery, positive relations, purpose in life and personal growth), and perception of general health (depression/ emotional stress and self-efficacy). To this end, we studied 396 college students, with 156 individuals (39.4%) males and 240 (60.6%) females. The mean age was found to be 22.1 years old. Individuals in the sample responded to questionnaires concerning socio-demographic data and frequency of physical activity, psychological well-being and perception of general health (GHQ-12). For the results in relation to the factor analysis performed at the GHQ-12, it was found a bifactorial solution, obtaining the following scales: depression / emotional stress and self efficacy. For the results related to specific objectives, they showed that the female had the worst levels of perceived self-efficacy in relation to males. We conclude that those who practice physical activity more often, had indicate better rates in the overall psychological well-being, and in the dimensions of self-acceptance, environmental mastery, positive relations with others and purpose in life. Regarding the perception of general health, it was found that there were significant differences in means between the frequency of physical activity on the perception of depression/emotional stress, self-efficacy and overall health, and those who practice more often showed better rates. It was also concluded that students in the 3rd year of the first cycle (undergraduate finalists) showed worse perception at the level of depression/emotional stress. Finally, it was found that those with boyfriend/girlfriend, in relation to psychological well-being, showed higher levels in the dimensions: environmental mastery and purpose in life, and as to the perception of health, also showed better rates in the perception of depression/emotional stress.
The main purpose of this study was to compare the different independent variables (gender, frequency of physical activity, academic year, displacement the location of origin, regularity of going home and have or not a boyfriend/girlfriend), into the level of the dimensions of psychological well-being (self-acceptance, autonomy, environmental mastery, positive relations, purpose in life and personal growth), and perception of general health (depression/ emotional stress and self-efficacy). To this end, we studied 396 college students, with 156 individuals (39.4%) males and 240 (60.6%) females. The mean age was found to be 22.1 years old. Individuals in the sample responded to questionnaires concerning socio-demographic data and frequency of physical activity, psychological well-being and perception of general health (GHQ-12). For the results in relation to the factor analysis performed at the GHQ-12, it was found a bifactorial solution, obtaining the following scales: depression / emotional stress and self efficacy. For the results related to specific objectives, they showed that the female had the worst levels of perceived self-efficacy in relation to males. We conclude that those who practice physical activity more often, had indicate better rates in the overall psychological well-being, and in the dimensions of self-acceptance, environmental mastery, positive relations with others and purpose in life. Regarding the perception of general health, it was found that there were significant differences in means between the frequency of physical activity on the perception of depression/emotional stress, self-efficacy and overall health, and those who practice more often showed better rates. It was also concluded that students in the 3rd year of the first cycle (undergraduate finalists) showed worse perception at the level of depression/emotional stress. Finally, it was found that those with boyfriend/girlfriend, in relation to psychological well-being, showed higher levels in the dimensions: environmental mastery and purpose in life, and as to the perception of health, also showed better rates in the perception of depression/emotional stress.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia - Especialização em Psicologia do Exercício e Saúde
Palavras-chave
Alunos do ensino superior , Bem-estar psicológico , Perceção de saúde geral