Técnicas Tradicionais de Construção, Anomalias e Técnicas de Intervenção em Fachadas e Coberturas de Edifícios Antigos Conservação, Restauro e Reabilitação de Edifícios Antigos
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2009
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No presente trabalho estudam-se técnicas tradicionais de construção, anomalias e técnicas de intervenção em fachadas e coberturas de edifícios antigos.
Apresentam-se inicialmente princípios e critérios de conservação, reabilitação e restauro de edifícios históricos e as principais cartas e convenções internacionais de salvaguarda do património cultural.
Abordam-se os principais tipos de paredes, coberturas, revestimentos, acabamentos, pinturas executados até ao início do séc. XX.
Estudam-se as argamassas, a sua constituição e as propriedades necessárias para desempenharem a sua função correctamente, tendo especial destaque as pozolanas, materiais esses que adicionados às argamassas de cal melhoram as suas propriedades, sendo uma das mais relevantes o facto de lhes conferirem um carácter hidráulico. Foi elaborado um estudo experimental de modo a comprovar-se o bom desempenho das argamassas tradicionais e a sua compatibilidade em termos físicos, químicos e mecânicos com o substrato original.
Indicaram-se os principais agentes de deterioração de alvenarias e coberturas.
Procedeu-se ao enquadramento físico e humano da cidade de Vila Real, cujo centro histórico foi alvo de estudo, de modo a poderem ser identificadas e estudadas diversas deficiências e anomalias construtivas e, após análise, sugeridas formas de reparação.
This work deals with traditional building techniques, anomalies and intervention techniques both in façades and coverings of ancient buildings. Principles and conservation criteria, rehabilitation and restoration of historical buildings, as well as the main charters and international conventions to safeguard the cultural heritage, are presented at the beginning. The main types of walls, coverings, coatings, finishes and painting executed till the beginning of the twentieth century are also focussed. Mortars are studied, their constitution and the properties they must have to carry out their function properly, giving a special emphasis to the pozzolanas, since these materials, when added to lime mortars improve their properties, conferring them a hydraulic character. An experimental study was also developed in order to verify and confirm the good performance and compatibility of traditional mortars, in physical, chemical and mechanical terms, with the original substratum. The main agents of deterioration of masonry and coverings were pointed out. The physical and human framing of the city of Vila Real, whose historical centre was object of study, was made so that several building deficiencies and anomalies could be identified and studied, and after being thoroughly analysed, some repairing processes were found and suggested.
This work deals with traditional building techniques, anomalies and intervention techniques both in façades and coverings of ancient buildings. Principles and conservation criteria, rehabilitation and restoration of historical buildings, as well as the main charters and international conventions to safeguard the cultural heritage, are presented at the beginning. The main types of walls, coverings, coatings, finishes and painting executed till the beginning of the twentieth century are also focussed. Mortars are studied, their constitution and the properties they must have to carry out their function properly, giving a special emphasis to the pozzolanas, since these materials, when added to lime mortars improve their properties, conferring them a hydraulic character. An experimental study was also developed in order to verify and confirm the good performance and compatibility of traditional mortars, in physical, chemical and mechanical terms, with the original substratum. The main agents of deterioration of masonry and coverings were pointed out. The physical and human framing of the city of Vila Real, whose historical centre was object of study, was made so that several building deficiencies and anomalies could be identified and studied, and after being thoroughly analysed, some repairing processes were found and suggested.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Civil