Levantamento ambiental de uma empresa do ramo petrolífero: estudo de caso da Weatherford, Bahia (Brasil)
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Data
2012
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O petróleo, do latim petra (pedra) e oleum (óleo), é uma substância oleosa, menos
densa que a água, com um cheiro característico e inflamável. É constituído por
inúmeros compostos químicos orgânicos (hidrocarbonetos).
A indústria do petróleo, uma grande fonte de energia, caracteriza-se por envolver
somas elevadas de recursos financeiros em todo o mundo. Com o desenvolvimento da
petroquímica os seus derivados têm sido valorizados na produção de diversos
materiais sendo muitos deles utilizados pela população mundial diariamente.
No Brasil encontra-se reservas de petróleo muito significativas. Ao longo dos últimos
anos têm-se descoberto novas jazidas. Desde a criação da Petrobras, há mais de
cinco décadas, contam-se na atualidade 13 estados produtores de petróleo no Brasil.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal realizar um levantamento ambiental para a
base territorial da empresa Weatherford em Camaçari, no estado da Bahia, região
nordeste do Brasil. A principal finalidade foi avaliar, de forma mais detalhada possível,
os impactos ambientais de maior relevância, designadamente, o abastecimento de
água e águas residuais, o consumo de energia elétrica, o consumo de combustíveis, o
consumo de consumíveis, o consumo de produtos de limpeza, as emissões
atmosféricas, os resíduos e, finalmente, a poluição sonora.
A preocupação ambiental deve estar presente no ambiente de trabalho. As atividades
ligadas a impactos ambientais, como no caso da atividade de extração de petróleo,
devem obedecer à legislação brasileira no que diz respeito à preservação e
minimização dos impactos ocasionados.
Além do levantamento ambiental, caracterizando os impactos ambientais nas
diferentes situações na base de Camaçari, foi igualmente possível realizar o
desenvolvimento de alternativas para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental. Avançam-se
sugestões de ações, objetivos e metas, estabelecendo-se assim, uma vertente para no
futuro se implementar um sistema de gestão ambiental nas instalações da
Weatherford. O objetivo final será otimizar e normalizar a empresa com a ISO 14001
em cumprimento das novas exigências de padrões internacionais, visto que essa
normalização será um dos requisitos para a próxima seleção de contratos de trabalho com a Petrobras seleção que será aberta para concorrência por vagas e percentagens
em dezembro de 2014.
The oil, from the Latin petra (rock) and oleum (oil), is an oily substance, less dense than water, with a characteristic odor and inflammable. It consists of multiple organic chemical compounds (hydrocarbons). The oil industry, a major source of energy, is characterized by involving large sums of economic resources throughout the world. With the development of petrochemical derivatives are recovered in the production of many different compounds and are used daily by the population. In Brazil's oil reserves are located very significant with gradual upward trend over the past years and large increase in exploration and production. Since the creation of Petrobras, for over five decades, include currently 13 oil producing states in Brazil. This study aimed to conduct an environmental review for the company's base in Weatherford Camaçari, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. The main purpose was to evaluate in more detail possible environmental impacts of greater importance, namely, water supply and sewage, the electricity consumption, fuel consumption, consumption of supplies, the consumption of products cleaning, air emissions, waste, and finally, the noise pollution. Environmental concern must be present in the workplace. The activities related to environmental impacts, such as the activity of oil extraction, are visibly perceptive duties on the Brazilian legislation regarding the preservation and minimizing human impacts. Besides the environmental review, characterizing the environmental impacts of different situations on the basis of Camaçari was also possible to develop alternatives to improve environmental quality. This work suggests actions, objectives and goals, thus establishing a shed for the future to implement an environmental management system at the premises of Weatherford. The objective is optimize and standardize the company with ISO 14001 in compliance with the new requirements of international standards, since this will be a standardization of the requirements for the next selection of employment contracts with Petrobras, selection that will be open to competition for jobs and percentages in December 2014.
The oil, from the Latin petra (rock) and oleum (oil), is an oily substance, less dense than water, with a characteristic odor and inflammable. It consists of multiple organic chemical compounds (hydrocarbons). The oil industry, a major source of energy, is characterized by involving large sums of economic resources throughout the world. With the development of petrochemical derivatives are recovered in the production of many different compounds and are used daily by the population. In Brazil's oil reserves are located very significant with gradual upward trend over the past years and large increase in exploration and production. Since the creation of Petrobras, for over five decades, include currently 13 oil producing states in Brazil. This study aimed to conduct an environmental review for the company's base in Weatherford Camaçari, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. The main purpose was to evaluate in more detail possible environmental impacts of greater importance, namely, water supply and sewage, the electricity consumption, fuel consumption, consumption of supplies, the consumption of products cleaning, air emissions, waste, and finally, the noise pollution. Environmental concern must be present in the workplace. The activities related to environmental impacts, such as the activity of oil extraction, are visibly perceptive duties on the Brazilian legislation regarding the preservation and minimizing human impacts. Besides the environmental review, characterizing the environmental impacts of different situations on the basis of Camaçari was also possible to develop alternatives to improve environmental quality. This work suggests actions, objectives and goals, thus establishing a shed for the future to implement an environmental management system at the premises of Weatherford. The objective is optimize and standardize the company with ISO 14001 in compliance with the new requirements of international standards, since this will be a standardization of the requirements for the next selection of employment contracts with Petrobras, selection that will be open to competition for jobs and percentages in December 2014.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente
Palavras-chave
Impacto ambiental , Petróleo , Levantamento ambiental , Sistema de gestão ambiental , ISO 14001 , Perfuração e refinação