A tomada de decisão no planeamento da exploração agrária no contexto da sustentabilidade: o caso da produção de carne bovina maronesa
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Data
2014-02-28
Autores
Costa, Ana Alexandra Vilela Marta Rio
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Resumo
As explorações agrárias encontram-se sujeitas a um duplo compromisso, muitas vezes
conflituoso e determinante para o seu sucesso, sendo que, por um lado, há que rendibilizar
o capital investido pela maximização do resultado económico e, por outro lado, face à
conjuntura sócio-ambiental, é necessário preservar e proteger o ambiente e os recursos
naturais, para além de promover a equidade social. Tratam-se, assim, de dois objectivos
potencialmente conflituosos, porque a satisfação de um implica a penalização do outro.
Coloca-se, deste modo, a questão de saber qual a solução a adoptar.
Pretende-se, com este trabalho, contribuir para o planeamento de uma exploração agrária
cujo objectivo é a produção de carne bovina, tendo em vista conciliar critérios de
sustentabilidade ambiental com critérios de competitividade económica.
Para isso, procede-se ao estudo comparativo da sustentabilidade dos diferentes grupos de
explorações identificados na área em estudo (primeiro ciclo de avaliação - grupos “raça
Maronesa”; “outras raças” e “raças mistas”), através da aplicação da metodologia
MESMIS - “Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturales
Mediante Indicadores de Sustentabilidad”, que permitiu seleccionar o grupo de
explorações mais sustentável. Tendo por base as debilidades e potencialidades encontradas
para os vários sistemas de exploração, procede-se ao planeamento de uma unidade de
produção de carne bovina, no contexto dos cenários com e sem ajudas monetárias à
actividade corrente, que obedece, em simultâneo, a objectivos económicos e ambientais,
realizado no âmbito do paradigma da Teoria de Decisão Multicritério.
Finaliza-se o trabalho com a avaliação da sustentabilidade entre os grupos de explorações
identificados anteriormente e as explorações agrárias planeadas (segundo ciclo de
avaliação), recorrendo, novamente, à metodologia MESMIS, para confirmar (ou não) a
maior sustentabilidade das últimas.
Os resultados obtidos parecem confirmar a superioridade da sustentabilidade relativa das
explorações planeadas, para os vários cenários traçados, conduzindo à demonstração da
validade do uso integrado da proposta metodológica, realizada neste trabalho, para a
tomada de decisão, num contexto de objectivos múltiplos, no sentido do equilíbrio da
sustentabilidade económica e ambiental.
Agricultural holdings have two, often conflicting, commitments that are determinant for their success. On one hand, they must profit from their investments, by maximizing financial results; on the other hand, regarding the socio-environmental situation, they must preserve and protect the environment and natural resources, and promote social equity. These are two potentially-conflicting objectives, since the upside of one implies the downside of the other. The issue thus stands on which solution to adopt. This work aims to contribute to the planning of agricultural holdings devoted to bovine meat production, in an effort to balance environment sustainability criteria and economic competitiveness criteria. For this purpose, a comparative study is made of the sustainability of various groups of holdings that were identified within the area under study (first evaluation cycle: groups “Maronesa cattle”; “other cattle” and “mixed cattle”), by applying the MESMIS methodology (“Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturales Mediante Indicadores de Sustentabilidad”), resulting in the selection of the most sustainable group of holdings. Using as a base the weaknesses and potentials found for the various production systems, a planning is made for a bovine meat production unit, within the context of the scenarios with and without financial support to its current activity. This planning simultaneously complies with financial and environmental goals, and was performed within the scope of the Multicriteria Decision-Making Theory paradigm. The work concludes with an evaluation of sustainability across the previously-identified groups of holdings and the planned agricultural holdings (second evaluation cycle), again resorting to MESMIS methodology, to support (or not) the latter’s greater sustainability. The outcomes confirms the superior relative sustainability of planned holdings, across the various outlined scenarios, leading to a demonstration of the validity of the integrated use of the methodological proposal, performed in this work, towards decision-making, in a multiple-goals context, aiming to balance economic and environmental sustainability.
Agricultural holdings have two, often conflicting, commitments that are determinant for their success. On one hand, they must profit from their investments, by maximizing financial results; on the other hand, regarding the socio-environmental situation, they must preserve and protect the environment and natural resources, and promote social equity. These are two potentially-conflicting objectives, since the upside of one implies the downside of the other. The issue thus stands on which solution to adopt. This work aims to contribute to the planning of agricultural holdings devoted to bovine meat production, in an effort to balance environment sustainability criteria and economic competitiveness criteria. For this purpose, a comparative study is made of the sustainability of various groups of holdings that were identified within the area under study (first evaluation cycle: groups “Maronesa cattle”; “other cattle” and “mixed cattle”), by applying the MESMIS methodology (“Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturales Mediante Indicadores de Sustentabilidad”), resulting in the selection of the most sustainable group of holdings. Using as a base the weaknesses and potentials found for the various production systems, a planning is made for a bovine meat production unit, within the context of the scenarios with and without financial support to its current activity. This planning simultaneously complies with financial and environmental goals, and was performed within the scope of the Multicriteria Decision-Making Theory paradigm. The work concludes with an evaluation of sustainability across the previously-identified groups of holdings and the planned agricultural holdings (second evaluation cycle), again resorting to MESMIS methodology, to support (or not) the latter’s greater sustainability. The outcomes confirms the superior relative sustainability of planned holdings, across the various outlined scenarios, leading to a demonstration of the validity of the integrated use of the methodological proposal, performed in this work, towards decision-making, in a multiple-goals context, aiming to balance economic and environmental sustainability.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Agro-Sociais
Palavras-chave
Planeamento das explorações agrícolas , Tomada de decisão , Sustentabilidade , Competitividade (Económica) , Produção de carne (Bovina maronesa)