Avaliação estomatológico-dentária da cavidade oral na raposa vermelha (Vulpes vulpes)
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2014-04-30
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O presente estudo foi realizado no Hospital Veterinário da UTAD, tendo sido efectuado com base em 32 raposas vermelhas (Vulpes vulpes), a mais representativa de todas as raposas, pertencente à família Canidae e teve como principais objectivos a identificação e a classificação da patologia estomatológico-dentária mais frequente nesta espécie. Sendo um predador, a raposa foi perseguida durante séculos devido ao seu alegado hábito de se alimentar de animais domésticos. Apesar do antagonismo existente entre as raposas e o homem, neste particular, actua como um método eficaz de controlo de pragas. São animais com grande adaptabilidade ao habitat e à dieta, sendo predadoras carnívoras, extraordinariamente oportunistas, que como tal, em certas ocasiões são consideradas omnívoras. A cavidade oral, de vital importância para o adequado funcionamento e equilíbrio de todo o organismo, pode ser abrangida por um vasto leque de afecções com múltiplas etiologias (hereditárias, congénitas, infecciosas, inflamatórias, traumáticas, tóxicas, auto-imunes, metabólicas, degenerativas e neoplásicas), que em casos extremos e crónicos podem apresentar expressão sistémica, afectando outros órgãos (coração, fígado e rins). Cada uma destas entidades nosológicas necessita de um correcto diagnóstico, baseado no exame físico e nos exames complementares e tratamentos adequados para a sua resolução. Realizou-se a avaliação da cavidade oral através do exame estomatológico-dentário e de exames radiográficos intra e extraorais, com posterior análise estatística dos dados recolhidos. A amostra estudada era constituída maioritariamente por raposas vermelhas pertencentes à classe etária juvenil. De todos os animais avaliados, a maioria apresentava normo oclusão. As alterações dentárias eram pouco frequentes, destacando-se a presença de cálculo, facetas de desgaste e fracturas, alterações estas mais comuns em peças dentárias de raposas idosas. Outras alterações como ausência ou dentes supranumerários, descoloração, mobilidade, retenção de raiz, exposição da pulpa, pulpite necrótica e abcessos periapicais foram consideradas raras. Apenas 10% dos animais evidenciavam sinais de doença periodontal. Pela simples observação desta pequena amostra de animais integrados no seu habitat natural podemos aferir que a patologia oral evidenciada pelos mesmos é menos expressiva do que a referida em estudos relativos a canídeos domesticados.
The present study was realized on UTAD Veterinary Hospital, having been based on 32 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), the most representative of all fox, belonging to the Canidae family and had as main objectives the identification and classification of oral cavity’s pathology. As a predator, the fox has been persecuted for centuries due its alleged habit of feeding of domestic animals. Despite this antagonism between the foxes and man, they act as an effective method of pest control. They are animals with great adaptability to different habitats and diets. Being carnivorous predators, but extremely opportunistic at certain times they are considered omnivorous. Oral cavity, which is of vital importance for body’s function and balance, may be covered by a wide range of diseases (hereditary, congenital, infectious, inflammatory, traumatic, toxic, autoimmune, metabolic, degenerative, neoplasic) . In chronic cases, they may have systemic expression and affect other organs (heart, liver and kidneys). Each of these nosological entities requires a correct diagnosis and specific care for their resolution. Oral cavity’s evaluation was carried out by dental examination and radiography, with subsequent statistical analysis of data collected. The sample was composed mainly by young red foxes. The majority of the foxes presented normal occlusion. The dental abnormalities were uncommon, pointing out calculus, wear facets and fractures as the most frequent. These modifications were more common in older foxes. Other abnormalities, such as missing or supernumerary teeth, discoloration, mobility, retained root, exposed pulp, necrotic pulpitis and periapical abscesses were considered rare. Only 10% of the animals showed evidence of periodontal disease. From the simple observation of this small number of foxes included in their natural habitat, we can conclude that oral pathology evidenced by them is less significant than that of domesticated canines.
The present study was realized on UTAD Veterinary Hospital, having been based on 32 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), the most representative of all fox, belonging to the Canidae family and had as main objectives the identification and classification of oral cavity’s pathology. As a predator, the fox has been persecuted for centuries due its alleged habit of feeding of domestic animals. Despite this antagonism between the foxes and man, they act as an effective method of pest control. They are animals with great adaptability to different habitats and diets. Being carnivorous predators, but extremely opportunistic at certain times they are considered omnivorous. Oral cavity, which is of vital importance for body’s function and balance, may be covered by a wide range of diseases (hereditary, congenital, infectious, inflammatory, traumatic, toxic, autoimmune, metabolic, degenerative, neoplasic) . In chronic cases, they may have systemic expression and affect other organs (heart, liver and kidneys). Each of these nosological entities requires a correct diagnosis and specific care for their resolution. Oral cavity’s evaluation was carried out by dental examination and radiography, with subsequent statistical analysis of data collected. The sample was composed mainly by young red foxes. The majority of the foxes presented normal occlusion. The dental abnormalities were uncommon, pointing out calculus, wear facets and fractures as the most frequent. These modifications were more common in older foxes. Other abnormalities, such as missing or supernumerary teeth, discoloration, mobility, retained root, exposed pulp, necrotic pulpitis and periapical abscesses were considered rare. Only 10% of the animals showed evidence of periodontal disease. From the simple observation of this small number of foxes included in their natural habitat, we can conclude that oral pathology evidenced by them is less significant than that of domesticated canines.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, Ciências Veterinárias
Palavras-chave
Patologia bucal , Raposa vermelha , Diagnóstico , Patologia estomatológico-dentária