Neoplasias mamárias dos carnívoros domésticos: estudo retrospectivo
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2014-05-13
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Tem vindo a observar-se nos últimos anos um crescimento significativo da incidência de
tumores a nível mundial, sendo esta uma das principais causas de morte dos animais de
companhia. As neoplasias mamárias são o tumor mais comum nas cadelas e o terceiro mais
frequente nas gatas, sendo o estudo desta doença muito importante em Medicina Comparada.
Nesta dissertação foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, procedendo-se à análise de uma
amostra de cães e gatos com diagnóstico histopatológico de neoplasia mamária, presentes à
consulta veterinária entre 2003 e 2011 no Hospital Veterinário da Póvoa. As amostras foram
colhidas por nodulectomia ou mastectomia, sendo posteriormente enviadas para o laboratório de
histopatologia para a emissão de um diagnóstico definitivo. Procedeu-se à análise estatística dos
dados recolhidos nas fichas clínicas dos animais da amostra, de modo a comparar as
características morfológicas e histopatológicas nelas contidas, com a informação presente na
bibliografia pesquisada.
Dos animais afectados 90% eram cadelas e 10% gatas, tendo sido registado um cão
macho afectado por esta doença. Foi ainda observado que 51,5% das cadelas e apenas 22,2% das
gatas eram de raça pura, tendo sido registada uma maior frequência da raça Caniche nas cadelas
e exclusivamente a Siamesa nas gatas. A média de idades observada foi de 9,6 anos em cadelas e
de 11,4 anos em gatas e notou-se ainda que a maioria dos animais era inteiro e quando sujeito a
ovariohisterectomia era-o numa idade mais tardia. Registaram-se neoplasias mamárias malignas
em 65,6% das cadelas e em 88,9% das gatas, tendo sido o carcinoma simples o mais
frequentemente observado em cadelas e o carcinoma tubulopapilar o mais diagnosticado nas
gatas. Quanto à metastização, esta foi identificada maioritariamente nos linfonodos regionais
seguida do pulmão.
A sensibilização dos proprietários para esta temática e o incentivo à ovariohisterectomia
precoce são essenciais na diminuição do risco de aparecimento ou no tratamento eficaz desta
doença.
It has been found a significant increase in the incidence of tumors worldwide in recent years, being this disease a leading cause of death in pets. Mammary neoplasms are the most common tumor in the bitch and the third more frequent in the queen, and the study of this disease is very important in what concerns Comparative Medicine. This dissertation was a retrospective study, doing an analysis of a sample of dogs and cats with histopathological diagnosis of breast cancer, attending to the veterinary appointment between 2003 and 2011 at Póvoa’s Veterinary Hospital. Samples were collected by lumpectomy or mastectomy, and later sent to the histopathological laboratory to issue a definitive diagnosis. We carried out the statistical analysis of data collected from medical records of animals of the sample in order to compare the morphological and histopathological features contained therein, with the information present in the researched literature. From all the affected animals, 90% were dogs and 10% were cats, and it was also recorded a male dog affected by this disease. It was observed that 51,5% of dogs and only 22,2% of the cats were pure bred, having been recorded more frequently in the Poodle breed dogs and exclusively in Siamese cats. The average age of appearance was 9,6 years in dogs and 11,4 years in cats and it was also verified that most of the animals weren’t neutered, and when subjected to ovariohysterectomy the animals had an older age. There were malignant mammary tumors in 65,6% of dogs and in 88,9% of the cats and simple carcinoma was most often observed in bitches. On the other hand, tubulopapilar carcinoma was the most diagnosed tumor in cats. The metastasis was found mainly in lymph nodes followed by the lungs. Owners’ awareness about this theme and the incentive of early neutering are essential to lower the risk of appearance or for an effective treatment against this disease.
It has been found a significant increase in the incidence of tumors worldwide in recent years, being this disease a leading cause of death in pets. Mammary neoplasms are the most common tumor in the bitch and the third more frequent in the queen, and the study of this disease is very important in what concerns Comparative Medicine. This dissertation was a retrospective study, doing an analysis of a sample of dogs and cats with histopathological diagnosis of breast cancer, attending to the veterinary appointment between 2003 and 2011 at Póvoa’s Veterinary Hospital. Samples were collected by lumpectomy or mastectomy, and later sent to the histopathological laboratory to issue a definitive diagnosis. We carried out the statistical analysis of data collected from medical records of animals of the sample in order to compare the morphological and histopathological features contained therein, with the information present in the researched literature. From all the affected animals, 90% were dogs and 10% were cats, and it was also recorded a male dog affected by this disease. It was observed that 51,5% of dogs and only 22,2% of the cats were pure bred, having been recorded more frequently in the Poodle breed dogs and exclusively in Siamese cats. The average age of appearance was 9,6 years in dogs and 11,4 years in cats and it was also verified that most of the animals weren’t neutered, and when subjected to ovariohysterectomy the animals had an older age. There were malignant mammary tumors in 65,6% of dogs and in 88,9% of the cats and simple carcinoma was most often observed in bitches. On the other hand, tubulopapilar carcinoma was the most diagnosed tumor in cats. The metastasis was found mainly in lymph nodes followed by the lungs. Owners’ awareness about this theme and the incentive of early neutering are essential to lower the risk of appearance or for an effective treatment against this disease.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, Ciências Veterinárias
Palavras-chave
Neoplasia das mamas animais , Animal de estimação , Terapêutica , Diagnóstico histopatológico , Ovariohisterectomia