Consumos Energéticos no Sector Residencial: um caso de estudo
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2009
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A utilização racional de energia nas habitações está directamente relacionada com a eficiência energética e é actualmente uma preocupação essencial devido à actual tendência de crescimento dos consumos energéticos no sector residencial e à necessidade de redução das emissões de gases de efeito de estufa. O sector residencial, não sendo o sector que mais energia consome em Portugal, é aquele em que todos os cidadãos podem contribuir para a sua redução através da escolha criteriosa de equipamentos e da sua atitude. Importa, pois, identificar os potenciais de poupança associados ao consumo energético residencial, de modo a saber quais os pontos de actuação para uma melhor eficiência energética nas habitações em Portugal. O objectivo desta dissertação consiste em analisar os diferentes consumos energéticos no sector residencial. Pretende-se, através de um inquérito efectuado aos moradores de uma urbanização em Vila Real, avaliar estes consumos, enquadrados por diferentes cenários de restrição de emissões de gases de efeito de estufa, no contexto de diversas políticas, quer a nível mundial, como o Protocolo de Quioto, quer a nível nacional, como o programa P3E. Este estudo pretende também contribuir para a sensibilização dos consumidores, no sentido de uma maior eficiência na utilização dos recursos, na redução das contas mensais relacionadas com o consumo de energia e na diminuição da factura energética do País. Neste sentido, as medidas a tomar na utilização racional de energia em edifícios passam pela substituição de equipamentos por outros mais eficientes, nomeadamente no que respeita aos equipamentos de aquecimento/arrefecimento e iluminação, assim como pela melhoria do isolamento térmico da envolvente dos edifícios. Por outro lado, a aposta na energia solar representa um forte potencial de poupança económica e energética para efeitos de aquecimento de águas sanitárias.
The rational use of energy in houses is directly related to energy efficiency and is currently a major concern given the current growth of energy consumption in the residential sector and the need to reduce emissions gases of greenhouse effect. The residential sector is not the main energy consumer in Portugal. Although all the citizens can contribute to reduce the consumption through the equipments choice and their behaviours. So it is important to identify the potential savings associated with residential energy consumption, in order to find the main points to improve energetic efficiency in housing, in Portugal. The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the different types of energy consumption in the residential sector. A survey to the residents of a housing urbanization in Vila Real was conduced, in order to asses the consumption of energy in different scenarios capable to limit the emission of gases of greenhouse effect, in the context of several policies, as the Kyoto Protocol, and the Portuguese program P3E. This study also aims to raise awareness of the consumers towards more efficient use of resources by reducing the energy consumption bills. In this sense, the measures to be taken in the rational use of energy in buildings, in order to reduce this consumption, could be the replacement of equipments with more efficient, mainly for heating/cooling and lighting, as well as increasing the buildings insulation. Moreover, investing in solar energy represents a huge potential for economic and energy savings for sanitary water heating.
The rational use of energy in houses is directly related to energy efficiency and is currently a major concern given the current growth of energy consumption in the residential sector and the need to reduce emissions gases of greenhouse effect. The residential sector is not the main energy consumer in Portugal. Although all the citizens can contribute to reduce the consumption through the equipments choice and their behaviours. So it is important to identify the potential savings associated with residential energy consumption, in order to find the main points to improve energetic efficiency in housing, in Portugal. The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the different types of energy consumption in the residential sector. A survey to the residents of a housing urbanization in Vila Real was conduced, in order to asses the consumption of energy in different scenarios capable to limit the emission of gases of greenhouse effect, in the context of several policies, as the Kyoto Protocol, and the Portuguese program P3E. This study also aims to raise awareness of the consumers towards more efficient use of resources by reducing the energy consumption bills. In this sense, the measures to be taken in the rational use of energy in buildings, in order to reduce this consumption, could be the replacement of equipments with more efficient, mainly for heating/cooling and lighting, as well as increasing the buildings insulation. Moreover, investing in solar energy represents a huge potential for economic and energy savings for sanitary water heating.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Civil
Palavras-chave
Eficiência Energética , Consumos Energéticos , Sector Residencial