Modelo de previsão da capacidade de produção de bioenergia em aterros sanitários
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2014-07-22
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Com o crescimento demográfico mundial, a quantidade de resíduos produzidos pelas populações tem vindo a sofrer um aumento exponencial. Tal facto verifica-se graças ao crescimento do consumo global, o que leva ao surgimento constante de impactes ambientais.
A par desta situação, a inflação no preço da energia e o aumento crescente da procura, nomeadamente nos combustíveis, promove a procura de fontes alternativas para combater este impacto significativo. Nesse contexto, os resíduos sólidos urbanos depositados em aterros sanitários são vistos como uma alternativa com a potencialidade de produzir um recurso energético viável, abundante e sustentável. O aproveitamento deste desperdício por parte da sociedade surge como uma opção adequada, pois o biogás, gerado pela decomposição orgânica dos resíduos depositados nos aterros sanitários, apresenta-se como um dos ativadores do efeito de estufa e ao mesmo tempo possui um elevado potencial energético.
Deste modo, este trabalho, realizado no âmbito da dissertação do Mestrado de Engenharia Mecânica da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, irá focar-se na construção de um modelo de previsão da produção de bioenergia em aterros sanitários, onde será analisada a viabilidade económica da valorização energética do biogás. Por outro lado, serão abordados os métodos de previsão de produção de biogás, bem como, as aplicações potenciais do biogás. Serão identificadas as tecnologias disponíveis no mercado mais adequadas, quais as condicionantes impostas pela legislação portuguesa e quais são os incentivos mais significativos para a utilização deste gás.
A partir desses indicadores serão gerados cenários potenciais de aplicação do biogás, admitindo diferentes quadros de investimento e viabilidade económica, tendo por base, consumos energéticos próprios do aterro sanitário, produção de eletricidade para venda à rede elétrica nacional, injeção de biometano na rede de gás natural.
With the world population growth, the amount of waste produced by the population has been experiencing an exponential growth. This fact is verified by the increase of the global consumption, which leads to the constant occurrence of environmental impacts. Alongside this situation, the inflation in the price of energy, particularly fuels, promotes the demand for alternative sources to combat this significant impact. In this context, solid urban waste deposited in sanitary landfills are seen as an alternative, with the potential to produce a viable energy resource, abundant and sustainable. The harnessing of this waste by the society emerges as a suitable option because the biogas is generated by the decomposition of organic waste deposited in sanitary landfills, presents itself as one of the activators of the greenhouse effect and at the same time, has a high potential energy. Therefore, this study, conducted as part of the Master's dissertation of Mechanical Engineering from the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, will focus on the construction of a prediction model of bioenergy production in sanitary landfills, where it will be analyzed the biogas economic viability recovery. On the other hand, will be discussed the predictions methods concerning the biogas production, as well the biogas potential applications. In this work, it will be identified most of the technologies available in the market, which the constraints imposed by the Portuguese legislation and, what are the most significant incentives for the use of this gas. From these indicators, it will be generated potential scenarios for the implementation of biogas, assuming different frameworks of investment and economic viability, based on the energy consumptions from the sanitary landfills, electricity production to sale to the national electric network, injection of biomethan in the natural gas network.
With the world population growth, the amount of waste produced by the population has been experiencing an exponential growth. This fact is verified by the increase of the global consumption, which leads to the constant occurrence of environmental impacts. Alongside this situation, the inflation in the price of energy, particularly fuels, promotes the demand for alternative sources to combat this significant impact. In this context, solid urban waste deposited in sanitary landfills are seen as an alternative, with the potential to produce a viable energy resource, abundant and sustainable. The harnessing of this waste by the society emerges as a suitable option because the biogas is generated by the decomposition of organic waste deposited in sanitary landfills, presents itself as one of the activators of the greenhouse effect and at the same time, has a high potential energy. Therefore, this study, conducted as part of the Master's dissertation of Mechanical Engineering from the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, will focus on the construction of a prediction model of bioenergy production in sanitary landfills, where it will be analyzed the biogas economic viability recovery. On the other hand, will be discussed the predictions methods concerning the biogas production, as well the biogas potential applications. In this work, it will be identified most of the technologies available in the market, which the constraints imposed by the Portuguese legislation and, what are the most significant incentives for the use of this gas. From these indicators, it will be generated potential scenarios for the implementation of biogas, assuming different frameworks of investment and economic viability, based on the energy consumptions from the sanitary landfills, electricity production to sale to the national electric network, injection of biomethan in the natural gas network.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
Palavras-chave
Aterros sanitários , Resíduos sólidos urbanos , Biogás