Necessidade e Disponibilidade de Água para uma Gestão Hídrica Eficiente na Bacia Hidrográfica do Sôrdo
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Data
2009
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O uso sustentável da água é prioritário a uma escala planetária, sendo para isto, obrigatório planear e gerir de forma integrada os recursos hídricos. Os desiquilíbrios entre a disponibilidade e a necessidade de água, a deterioração da qualidade das águas superficiais e subterrâneas, a competição entre sectores utilizadores e as disputas inter-regionais tornam essencial a resolução dos problemas de escassez. Desta problemática, surge a Directiva Quadro da Água (DQA) com o objectivo de regular e estabelecer directrizes para solucionar o problema. Na presente dissertação destaca-se a importância da água e da sua monitorização à escala da bacia hidrográfica. Tendo como propósito a gestão integrada de recursos hídricos, recorre-se ao crescimento exponencial das capacidades informáticas. Utiliza-se o software MIKE BASIN, que permite modelar a bacia hidrográfica no que toca a uma série de factos para posteriormente serem analisados e alvo de tomadas de decisão perante as simulações efectuadas, funcionando como um sistema de suporte à decisão (SSD). Desenvolveu-se o caso de estudo na bacia hidrográfica do rio Sôrdo, recolhendo informação espacial e temporal para criar o modelo. Através da precipitação, ao longo do tempo, e a sua relação com o escoamento superficial, estabeleceram-se os parâmetros de entrada de água na bacia hidrográfica. Com os dados recolhidos foram simulados vários cenários, verificando a disponibilidade e necessidade associadas a cada cenário. Os cenários dividem-se em condições actuais e em projecções futuras baseadas na variação da precipitação. Com os resultados obtidos, verifica-se que nas condições actuais a bacia hidrográfica regista um excedente de disponibilidade de água, no entanto, com o aumento da população a servir, essa disponibilidade não fará face às necessidades. A diminuição da precipitação assinala resultados mais gravosos na disponibilidade de água, registando-se défices no balanço hídrico. Assim, e para responder a estas questões deve assinalar-se a vantagem de uma gestão integrada de recursos hídricos.
The sustainable ore of water is a worldwide priority, and for this it must be planed and managed on an integrated form. Imbalances between availability and needs, deteriorating of surface and groundwater, the competition among user sectors and the inter-regional fights, make the resolution of scarcity problems essential. From this problematic appears the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in order to regulate and establish guidelines to solve these problems. This present dissertation is focused on the importance of water and its monitoring at the watershed scale. With the purpose of an integrated management of water resources, resorts to the exponential growth of informatics and computers capabilities. Using the MIKE BASIN software, that allows the analysis of water in quantity and quality, ecosystems, optimization and operation of reservoirs, and assist the priority of water use. Allowing the creation of a system that can support the decision (DSS). A case study in the basin of the river Sôrdo has been developed, by collecting spatial and temporal information in order to create the model. Through precipitation, over time, and his relation with the runoff, it was established parameters to the water entrance in the basin. With values of rainfall and consumption were simulated various scenarios, checking the availability and needs associated to each scenario. The scenarios are divided into current conditions, simulated with real values and future projections based on the variability rainfall, influenced by gas emissions into the atmosphere. There were different types of answers of the basin and its resources to distinct scenarios, the results go in accordance to expected, and the results allow working an efficiency of integrated management and its importance in the aid of those who have to decide. The rainfall diminution points out a more serious result of water availability, verifying deficits in the water balance. Therefore, and to answer these questions, the advantages of an integrated management of water resources must be distinguished.
The sustainable ore of water is a worldwide priority, and for this it must be planed and managed on an integrated form. Imbalances between availability and needs, deteriorating of surface and groundwater, the competition among user sectors and the inter-regional fights, make the resolution of scarcity problems essential. From this problematic appears the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in order to regulate and establish guidelines to solve these problems. This present dissertation is focused on the importance of water and its monitoring at the watershed scale. With the purpose of an integrated management of water resources, resorts to the exponential growth of informatics and computers capabilities. Using the MIKE BASIN software, that allows the analysis of water in quantity and quality, ecosystems, optimization and operation of reservoirs, and assist the priority of water use. Allowing the creation of a system that can support the decision (DSS). A case study in the basin of the river Sôrdo has been developed, by collecting spatial and temporal information in order to create the model. Through precipitation, over time, and his relation with the runoff, it was established parameters to the water entrance in the basin. With values of rainfall and consumption were simulated various scenarios, checking the availability and needs associated to each scenario. The scenarios are divided into current conditions, simulated with real values and future projections based on the variability rainfall, influenced by gas emissions into the atmosphere. There were different types of answers of the basin and its resources to distinct scenarios, the results go in accordance to expected, and the results allow working an efficiency of integrated management and its importance in the aid of those who have to decide. The rainfall diminution points out a more serious result of water availability, verifying deficits in the water balance. Therefore, and to answer these questions, the advantages of an integrated management of water resources must be distinguished.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Civil
Palavras-chave
Recursos Hídricos , Bacia Hidrográfica , Sistema de Suporte à Decisão , SIG ou GIS (Geographic Information System) , MIKE BASIN