Associação entre o espaço físico escolar em relação ao quociente motor grosso de crianças entre 05 e 06 anos
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2014-09-15
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O desenvolvimento motor apropriado é fruto da interacção dos
constrangimentos impostos pelos fatores do indivíduo, do ambiente e da tarefa.
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre quociente motor, o
espaço físico escolar e o estado nutricional de crianças. A amostra foi
composta por 203 alunos de 05 até 06 anos e 06 meses (5,91±0,41), de cinco
centros de educação infantil (CEI’s) do município de Laguna. O Test of Gross
Motor Development – second edition (TGMD-2) foi utilizado para avaliar o
quociente motor grosso (QMG), e o espaço físico escolar, sala de aula, foi
avaliado através do cálculo da área total e da área útil por criança, da sala de
aula. Os equipamentos disponíveis para aula de Educação Física, foram
classificados de acordo com três categorias segunda a tipologia: playground;
equipamentos esportivos e playground+equipamentos desportivos. Para
calcular o IMC de cada criança, foi recolhido o peso (Kg) e a estatura (m) e
para determinar a prevalência de magreza, sobrepeso e obesidade foram
utilizados os valores de corte propostos por Cole et. al (2000, 2007). Os
resultados relativos à prevalência de obesidade, demonstram que 73,9% das
crianças apresentam uma classificação normoponderal e 26,1% sobrepeso e
obesidade. Quando comparados os sexos em função do estado nutricional
registraram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p=0,023). Os
resultados da aplicação do teste TGMD-2 revelam que 49,8% da amostra está
com uma classificação abaixo da média para o QMG, evidenciando o grupo
feminino 59,55%. Quando se comparou o QMG, de acordo com o sexo e
grupo, normoponderal e sobrepeso/obesidade, não se registaram diferenças
estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos. Os resultados relativos à
comparação da prevalência de obesidade segundo o tipo de equipamento
indicam diferenças significativas, apresentando os equipamentos
desportivos+playground menores prevalências (p=0,01). Quando o QMG foi
correlacionado ao espaço livre por crianças no CEI apresentou uma correlação
negativa estatisticamente significativa (r=-0,349, p=0,000), assim como para os
tipos de espaço (r=-0,369, p=-0,000). Podemos assim concluir que as crianças
apresentam uma competência motora baixa, sendo esta inferior nas crianças
com excesso de peso e de obesidade. O espaço de de recreio desempenha
um papel importante, na medida em que dimensões mais reduzidas e
equipamentos mais pobres estão associadas quer ao desenvolvimento da
prevalência de obesidade, quer a uma menor competência motora .
The appropriate motor development is the result of the interaction of the constraints imposed by the factors of the individual, the environment and the task. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between motor quotient, the physical and nutritional status of school children. The sample consisted of 203 students from 05 to 06 years and 06 months (5.91 ± 0.41), five early childhood education centers (CEI's) in the city of Laguna. The Test of Gross Motor Development - second edition (TGMD-2) was used to assess the gross motor quotient (QMG), and the physical school, classroom, was evaluated by calculating the total area and floor area per child, classroom. The equipment available for Physical Education class, were classified according to three categories Monday to typology: playground, sports equipment and sports playground + equipment. To calculate BMI for each child was collected weight (kg) and height (m) and to determine the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were used cutoff values proposed by Cole et. al (2000, 2007). The results on the prevalence of obesity show that 73.9% of children have a normalweight rating and 26.1% overweight and obesity. When comparing the sexes on the basis of nutritional status were recorded statistically significant differences (p = 0.023). The results of applying the test TGMD-2 reveals that the sample is 49.8% with a rating below the average for the QMG, showing the female group 59.55%. When we compared the QMG, according to sex and, normal-weight and overweight / obesity, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. The results for the comparison of the prevalence of obesity according to the type of equipment indicate significant differences, presenting the sports equipment + playground lower prevalence (p = .01). When the QMG was correlated to free space for children in CEI showed a statistically significant correlation (r = -0.349, p = 0.000) as well as the types of space (r = -0.369, p = - 0.000). We can thus conclude that the infants have low motor competence, lower than in children with overweight and obesity. The recreational space plays an important role, in that smaller size equipment and poorer associated both with the development of obesity prevalence, or a lower motor competence.
The appropriate motor development is the result of the interaction of the constraints imposed by the factors of the individual, the environment and the task. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between motor quotient, the physical and nutritional status of school children. The sample consisted of 203 students from 05 to 06 years and 06 months (5.91 ± 0.41), five early childhood education centers (CEI's) in the city of Laguna. The Test of Gross Motor Development - second edition (TGMD-2) was used to assess the gross motor quotient (QMG), and the physical school, classroom, was evaluated by calculating the total area and floor area per child, classroom. The equipment available for Physical Education class, were classified according to three categories Monday to typology: playground, sports equipment and sports playground + equipment. To calculate BMI for each child was collected weight (kg) and height (m) and to determine the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were used cutoff values proposed by Cole et. al (2000, 2007). The results on the prevalence of obesity show that 73.9% of children have a normalweight rating and 26.1% overweight and obesity. When comparing the sexes on the basis of nutritional status were recorded statistically significant differences (p = 0.023). The results of applying the test TGMD-2 reveals that the sample is 49.8% with a rating below the average for the QMG, showing the female group 59.55%. When we compared the QMG, according to sex and, normal-weight and overweight / obesity, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. The results for the comparison of the prevalence of obesity according to the type of equipment indicate significant differences, presenting the sports equipment + playground lower prevalence (p = .01). When the QMG was correlated to free space for children in CEI showed a statistically significant correlation (r = -0.349, p = 0.000) as well as the types of space (r = -0.369, p = - 0.000). We can thus conclude that the infants have low motor competence, lower than in children with overweight and obesity. The recreational space plays an important role, in that smaller size equipment and poorer associated both with the development of obesity prevalence, or a lower motor competence.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação Física e Desporto, Especialização em Desenvolvimento da Criança
Palavras-chave
Crianças , Desenvolvimento motor , Escola , Obesidade