Estratégias de sobrevivência dos índios Tembé da Terra Indígena Alto Rio Guamá (TIARG), Estado do Pará, Brasil, na era dos créditos de carbono
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2014-10-16
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A sobrevivência dos povos da floresta, na floresta Amazónica é o objeto deste estudo. Em evidência o povo Indígena Tembé habitante da Terra Indígena Alto Rio Guamá (TIARG) situada no nordeste do Estado do Pará, Brasil. Os Tembé da TIARG vivem em duas faixas de terra: o Alto Rio Guamá e o Alto Rio Gurupí. Suas aldeias estão organizadas em pólos de influência, sendo três pólos em cada região. Cada aldeia é comandada pelos caciques, pelas capitoas e pelas lideranças. Vivem basicamente de suas roças de mandioca onde produzem farinha para consumo e vendem o excedente. Também exploram com moderação os Produtos Florestais Não Madeireiros (PFNM) de suas florestas primárias. Isso não é suficiente para suprir as necessidades básicas crescentes dos Tembé. A região do Alto Rio Guamá, não conta mais com madeira para ser explorada comercialmente. O Alto Rio Gurupi ainda conserva parte de suas florestas primárias em sua área de domínio. Os PFNM também não aparecem como solução imediata para seus problemas. A grande maioria dos Tembé da TIARG vive abaixo da linha da pobreza. Uma solução que se configura, no momento atual, viável para que os Tembé possam melhorar sua condição de vida é a venda de créditos de carbono originados pelas suas florestas primárias. Neste trabalho descrevemos todo o processo de organização dos Tembé da TIARG para que possa estar pronto para participar e permanecer no comércio de créditos de carbono. Da sua organização depende a sua sobrevivência. Ao mesmo tempo contribuem de maneira decisiva para a mitigação dos efeitos da elevação dos Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE), e passam a ser atores de destaque na preservação ambiental.
The survival of the indigenous forest tribes in the Amazonian rain forest is the object of this study. The Amerindian tribe, Tembé that inhabits the TIARG reserve in the higher Guamá River, which is located in the northeastern region of the states of Pará and Maranhão is the focus of this work. The Tembé tribe inhabit two geographical sectors: the headwaters of the Guamá River (Alto Rio Guamá) and the headwaters of the Gurupí River (Alto Rio Gurupí). Their villages are organized along these rivers in strategic poles of influence and there are three in each sector. Each village is governed by a chief, a dominant female leader (capitoa), and other leaders. They practice subsistence agriculture in forest clearings growing mostly manioc and corn selling the surplus in good years. They also moderately extract and sell renewable forest products other than timber, Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) that are extracted from the primary forests of the reserve. These activities are not sufficient to support the tribe’s basic necessities in current times as the Tembé tribe continues to grow. Their vast reserve has been stripped of its commercial timber by outsiders and the small tribe has been able to protect its primary forest only in the most inaccessible sectors under their dominion. The extraction of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) does not seem to provide an immediate solution for the Tembé tribe, whose members in majority live in complete poverty. It would seem that the most viable solution available would be for the Tembé tribe to sell carbon credits on the international markets, carbon sequestered from the atmosphere by their primary forests. This study describes the process of organizing the indigenous Tembé tribe of the TIARG region so that they can participate in this new worldwide endeavor to clean up the earth’s atmosphere by sequestering greenhouse gases and also engage the tribe in an endeavor that could provide a venue for its survival as well as that of the rainforest.
The survival of the indigenous forest tribes in the Amazonian rain forest is the object of this study. The Amerindian tribe, Tembé that inhabits the TIARG reserve in the higher Guamá River, which is located in the northeastern region of the states of Pará and Maranhão is the focus of this work. The Tembé tribe inhabit two geographical sectors: the headwaters of the Guamá River (Alto Rio Guamá) and the headwaters of the Gurupí River (Alto Rio Gurupí). Their villages are organized along these rivers in strategic poles of influence and there are three in each sector. Each village is governed by a chief, a dominant female leader (capitoa), and other leaders. They practice subsistence agriculture in forest clearings growing mostly manioc and corn selling the surplus in good years. They also moderately extract and sell renewable forest products other than timber, Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) that are extracted from the primary forests of the reserve. These activities are not sufficient to support the tribe’s basic necessities in current times as the Tembé tribe continues to grow. Their vast reserve has been stripped of its commercial timber by outsiders and the small tribe has been able to protect its primary forest only in the most inaccessible sectors under their dominion. The extraction of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) does not seem to provide an immediate solution for the Tembé tribe, whose members in majority live in complete poverty. It would seem that the most viable solution available would be for the Tembé tribe to sell carbon credits on the international markets, carbon sequestered from the atmosphere by their primary forests. This study describes the process of organizing the indigenous Tembé tribe of the TIARG region so that they can participate in this new worldwide endeavor to clean up the earth’s atmosphere by sequestering greenhouse gases and also engage the tribe in an endeavor that could provide a venue for its survival as well as that of the rainforest.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Gestão
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Gestão dos recursos humanos , Alto Rio do Guamá (Estado do Pará, Brasil) , Meio ambiente , Antropologia