Reabilitação do paciente neurológico: casos de hérnia discal em cães
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2014-10-22
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A hérnia discal é definida como um deslocamento completo ou parcial do disco intervertebral que geralmente, provoca lesão na medula espinhal. O cão é afetado com grande frequência, principalmente os animais pertencentes ao grupo das raças condrodistróficas. Há uma grande variação de sinais clínicos que podem ser confundidos com outras doenças que causem lesão da medula espinhal. O diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento adequado são essenciais para uma resolução bem sucedida destas lesões. O tratamento pode ser médico ou cirúrgico, dependendo da gravidade dos sinais clínicos, e deve sempre ser combinado com um protocolo de reabilitação. Estes protocolos de recuperação podem variar, dependendo dos sinais clínicos do animal e problemas a resolver. Neste sentido, é necessário utilizar várias modalidades terapêuticas, no momento certo durante a evolução do animal, para que este recupere totalmente.
Neste trabalho foram incluídos quatro cães, três fêmeas e um macho, com idades compreendidas entre os cinco e os treze anos de idade. As raças apresentadas foram Daschund, Basset Hound, Schnauzer médio e um cão sem raça determinada. A abordagem diagnóstica para os casos clínicos incluiu o estudo dos sinais clínicos e de tomografia computadorizada. Dentro dos quatro casos clínicos, três dos animais apresentaram hérnias toracolombares, enquanto o outro apresentava uma hérnia cervical. Dois dos animais que apresentavam lesão a nível toracolombar realizaram tratamento cirúrgico, enquanto os outros dois realizaram tratamento médico conservativo. Os quatro animais beneficiaram de um programa de reabilitação, onde foram utilizadas várias modalidades terapêuticas com o objetivo de diminuir a dor muscular, manter a amplitude de movimento articular, prevenir a atrofia muscular, restaurar da função neuromuscular e / ou prevenir recaídas. Dentro das modalidades terapêuticas utilizadas, a hidroterapia foi a que apresentou maior importância na recuperação dos animais, mas as outras modalidades foram igualmente importantes na evolução clínica dos quatro animais.
The disc hernia is defined as a complete or partial shift of the intervertebral disc that usually causes spinal cord injury. The dog is affected with great frequency, especially the ones belonging to chondrodistrophic races. There is a high variance of sintoms that can be confused with other spinal cord injuring diseases. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are essential to a successful resolution of these lesions. The treatment can be medical or surgical, depending on the severity of clinical signs, and must always be combined with a rehabilitation protocol. These rehabilitation protocols can vary, depending on the clinical signs of the animal and problems to solve. Having this at acknowledge, it is necessary to use various therapeutic modalities, in the right time, for a full recovery of the animal. This work includes the cases of four dogs, three females and one male, aged between 5 and 13 years old. The present races were Daschund, Basset Hound, Medium Schnauzer and one dog without determined race. The diagnostic approach to the clinical cases included the study of the clinical signs and computed tomography scan. Within the four clinical cases, three had thoracolumbar hernias and one had a cervical hernia. Two animals underwent surgical treatment while the other two were conservative treated. The four animals benefited from a rehabilitation program, where several therapeutic modalities have been used in order to decrease muscle pain, maintain joint range of motion, prevent muscle atrophy, restoring neuromuscular function and / or prevent relapses. Within the therapeutic modalities used, hydrotherapy was the one that presented more importance in the recovery of the animals. However, the other modalities were equally important in the clinical evolution of the four animals.
The disc hernia is defined as a complete or partial shift of the intervertebral disc that usually causes spinal cord injury. The dog is affected with great frequency, especially the ones belonging to chondrodistrophic races. There is a high variance of sintoms that can be confused with other spinal cord injuring diseases. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are essential to a successful resolution of these lesions. The treatment can be medical or surgical, depending on the severity of clinical signs, and must always be combined with a rehabilitation protocol. These rehabilitation protocols can vary, depending on the clinical signs of the animal and problems to solve. Having this at acknowledge, it is necessary to use various therapeutic modalities, in the right time, for a full recovery of the animal. This work includes the cases of four dogs, three females and one male, aged between 5 and 13 years old. The present races were Daschund, Basset Hound, Medium Schnauzer and one dog without determined race. The diagnostic approach to the clinical cases included the study of the clinical signs and computed tomography scan. Within the four clinical cases, three had thoracolumbar hernias and one had a cervical hernia. Two animals underwent surgical treatment while the other two were conservative treated. The four animals benefited from a rehabilitation program, where several therapeutic modalities have been used in order to decrease muscle pain, maintain joint range of motion, prevent muscle atrophy, restoring neuromuscular function and / or prevent relapses. Within the therapeutic modalities used, hydrotherapy was the one that presented more importance in the recovery of the animals. However, the other modalities were equally important in the clinical evolution of the four animals.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, Ciências Veterinárias
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Cães , Hérnias , Reabilitação física