Efeitos de 6 meses de treino de força vs hidroginástica na aptidão funcional, aptidão cardiorrespiratória, densidade mineral óssea, bem-estar subjectivo, satisfação corporal e percepção de saúde geral de idosas
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2014-11-19
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O crescimento do número de idosos na sociedade contemporânea é um fato que
vem sendo investigado por diferentes áreas do conhecimento. O presente estudo
teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos de dois programas de exercícios físicos
(Treino de Força vs. Hidroginástica) sobre a aptidão funcional e cardiorrespiratória
de idosas portuguesas. A amostra foi constituída por 38 voluntárias com idade
média de 66,9±6,1 anos, massa corporal de 73,70±10,38 kg e uma estatura de
1,55±0,10 m, distribuídas em dois grupos experimentais, um que realizou 24
semanas de treino de força (GTF; n =14) e outro que realizou 24 semanas de
hidroginástica (GH; n = 17) e ainda um grupo de controlo (GC; n = 7), que continuou
as suas atividades quotidianas sem participarem em nenhuma atividade de
exercício físico orientado. Foram usados 3 momentos de avaliação: um no início do
programa; outro 12 semanas após; e outro após as 24 semanas de intervenção.
Para avaliação da aptidão funcional foram utilizados alguns testes propostos por
Jones e Rikli (2002) e para a capacidade cardiorrespiratória o teste de Bruce
adaptado em tapete rolante. Só foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente
significativas (p<0,05) entre os dois métodos de treino nos testes que apelam
predominantemente à capacidade motora força muscular. Na massa corporal e
índice de massa corporal, somente no GTF foram observadas diferenças
significativas (p<0,05) ao longo dos 3 momentos de avaliação. Nos valores obtidos
nas variáveis que dizem respeito à capacidade cardiorrespiratória, verificaram-se
alterações positivas significativas em ambos os grupos experimentais. Conclui-se
que os programas de exercícios físicos promovem melhorias em alguns indicadores
de aptidão funcional e cardiorrespiratória de mulheres idosas portuguesas.
The increasing amount of elderly in the modern society is an issue that has been investigated by different fields of knowledge. The current study aimed to compare the effects of two exercise programs (Strength Training and Hydro gymnastics) in the functional ability and in the cardio respiratory ability of Portuguese aged women. The sample comprised 38 volunteers with a mean age of 66,9±6,1 years, a body mass of 73,70±10,38 kg and an height of 1,55±0,10 m: The subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups> one of them performed 24 weeks of strength training (GTF; n =14) and another performed 24 weeks of hydro gymnastics (GH; n = 17) and a control group (GC; n = 7), which continued with their regular daily activities without being involved in any physical exercise program. Three moments of assessment were perfumed: a first before the beginning of the program; another 12 weeks after the start of the training program; and the last 24 weeks post the start of the program. To assess the functional ability a few tests proposed by Jones and Rikli, (2002) were performed. To evaluate the cardio respiratory ability a modified treadmill Bruce test was applied. Significant differences (p<0,05) were found between the two training methods in the tests which demand mostly muscular strength. The body mass and the body mass index presented significant differences during the three moments of assessment in the GTF (p<0,05). In the values which represent the variables of cardio respiratory ability, positive and significant changes were observed in the two experimental groups. It was concluded that both exercise programs promote improvements in some indicators of functional ability and cardio respiratory ability of Portuguese aged women.
The increasing amount of elderly in the modern society is an issue that has been investigated by different fields of knowledge. The current study aimed to compare the effects of two exercise programs (Strength Training and Hydro gymnastics) in the functional ability and in the cardio respiratory ability of Portuguese aged women. The sample comprised 38 volunteers with a mean age of 66,9±6,1 years, a body mass of 73,70±10,38 kg and an height of 1,55±0,10 m: The subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups> one of them performed 24 weeks of strength training (GTF; n =14) and another performed 24 weeks of hydro gymnastics (GH; n = 17) and a control group (GC; n = 7), which continued with their regular daily activities without being involved in any physical exercise program. Three moments of assessment were perfumed: a first before the beginning of the program; another 12 weeks after the start of the training program; and the last 24 weeks post the start of the program. To assess the functional ability a few tests proposed by Jones and Rikli, (2002) were performed. To evaluate the cardio respiratory ability a modified treadmill Bruce test was applied. Significant differences (p<0,05) were found between the two training methods in the tests which demand mostly muscular strength. The body mass and the body mass index presented significant differences during the three moments of assessment in the GTF (p<0,05). In the values which represent the variables of cardio respiratory ability, positive and significant changes were observed in the two experimental groups. It was concluded that both exercise programs promote improvements in some indicators of functional ability and cardio respiratory ability of Portuguese aged women.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto
Palavras-chave
Treino de força , Hidroginástica , Idosas , Aptidão funcional , Aptidão cardiorrespiratória , Densidade mineral óssea , Bem-estar subjetivo , Satisfação corporal , Perceção de saúde geral