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    European integration and its effects on population in border and peripheral regions
    2020-11 - Gouveia, Sofia Helena Cerqueira de; Correia, Leonida Amaral Tomas; Martins, Patricia Sofia Figueiredo
    This paper contributes to the literature that explores the effects of European integration, providing new evidence about its impact on population distribution in the EU28 regions (NUTS 3 level) during the period 2000-2018. The main objectives are to explore the effects of the recent three EU enlargements on the growth in population share within the border regions and to compare the behaviour between core and peripheral regions. We use an empirical difference-in-difference approach. The findings show that border regions experienced positive effects on growth in population share since EU integration, but it did not completely reverse their relative population decline. At the same time, the process of European integration seems to have aggravated the demographic decline of EU peripheral regions compared to the EU core regions. Moreover, for the regions that are both border and peripheral, the EU integration effect has been stronger than in border only regions.
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    Portuguese secondary agricultural schools in transition
    1994 - Koehnen, Timothy Leonard
    The paper will describe the educational components and types of training within the Portuguese secondary agricultural schools. It will address the educational and training strategies as it relates to the present Portuguese educational system and also furnish background information to establish the continuity to the traditional agricultural education program. The study includes a broad description of the type of employment areas for the world of work of the graduates from these schools. A brief discourse will conclude the paper by identifying the possible constraints in the present agricultural educational policies. In this regard, the study will evaluate the present educational program, while the schools are in a mature period of development
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    O boom no investimento em estufas na região de trás-os-montes e alto douro, 1990-95: o perfil do "novo" empresário agrícola
    1999 - Gerry, Christopher; Caldas, José Manuel Melo Vaz; Koehnen, Timothy Leonard
    Este trabalho apresenta os resultados preliminares dum projecto de investigação em curso, sobre o boom no investimento em agricultura de estufas na região de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, durante o período de 1990-95. Na primeira fase deste projecto, a cujos resultados este artigo se refere, realizamos uma análise detalhada de 100 planos de melhoria submetidos à delegação regional do Instituto Financeiro de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento da Agricultura e Pescas (IFADAP), em Vila Real, no âmbito dos regulamentos comunitários nª 797/85 e 2328/91, com vista ao financiamento de projectos, exclusiva ou parcialmente, orientados à agricultura em estufas. O objectivo principal deste trabalho é o de definir o perfil do agricultor-tipo investidor em agricultura de estufas. As conclusões a que chegámos nesta fase inicial sugerem que o sucesso ou insucesso de tais investimentos não podem ser unicamente explicados por razões internas à própria exploração. Na análise da evolução do tecido empresarial rural, o papel, às vezes determinante, desempenhado pela fileira na qual a empresa vem a integrar-se, deveria receber a devida atenção. A influência, quer positiva, quer negativa, de actores económicos e institucionais-chave no processo de investimento, tais como o IFADAP, os construtores de estufas, os fornecedores de inputs agrícolas, os retalhistas/grossistas que escoam a produção realizada, e os projectistas, deve ser também cuidadosamente analisada, de forma a que iniciativas futuras de apoio a este tipo de investimento possam ter o máximo sucesso.
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    Portuguese public higher education institutions investment in low density regions — case study
    2020 - Carvalho, Maria Teresa Couceiro da Costa ...; Diniz, Francisco
    Human capital and knowledge have been recognised as important elements in fostering territorial cohe- sion and sustainable economic development for a long time. In European Union (EU), this recognition was so significant that the European Social Fund was created in the founding Treaty of Rome in 1957, and this sup- port was reinforced in 1972 with the European Regional Development Fund. For their intrinsic nature and mission, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) not only play an undisputed role in promoting these factors, but also and simultaneously are recognised by their huge spillover effects on the economy of the geographic spaces in which they are included. Since Portugal has become a UE member, these HEIs have benefited from a significant support to investment. The main purpose of this article is to analyse Higher Education Institutions investment between 2000 and 2018, especially focusing on the status of the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, both regarding northern institutions, more recent ones and other located in low-density territo- ries. After difficult data collection and subsequent construction of absolute and relative investment indica- tors, results show that the institutions located in disadvantaged regions had less access to community funds, which can compromise the process of training human capital and knowledge and therefore, the processes of regional convergence and national territorial cohesion. These values are of vital importance for the discus- sion of ways to enhance the dynamism of these institutions, namely through positive discrimination in access to community funds and ways of facilitating the necessary institutional counterpart in investment financing.
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    Developing organic farming in Portugal: challenges to training and extension
    2002 - Cristovão, Artur Fernando Arede Correia; Koehnen, Timothy Leonard; Ribeiro, António; Boas, Dulce
    This study provides an overview of the evolution of organic farming in Portugal. It shows that this special farming sector is still very small, representing a limited number of operators and farmed land. It shows, as well, that major progress has occurred in recent years, especially since the mid 90's, and that there are favourable conditions to promote the use of organic production methods. However, the involvement and commitment of public authorities is still very incipient, far from the desirable. Most public institutions, namely those within the Ministry of Agriculture, lack specialised staff, and efforts in such fields as research, education, training and extension have been reduced. In the Regional Agricultural Services there are no extension agents dealing with organic farming, neither are consistent efforts made to implement experimentation or demonstration projects. The growing number of vocational schools and higher education institutions involved in organic farming should be underlined. There are new courses being created or planned, at undergraduate or graduate level. There is a growing number of researchers and projects, in line with a need to increase the consistency and quality of the programmes, and to build strong networks of concerned people. In the private sector, AGROBIO, has been, since 1985, the key actor. It has promoted training, dissemination of information, and stimulated field trials. It has worked with farmers, consumers, researchers, technicians and political decision makers. It has collaborated intensively with other Associations. Step by step, farmers, consumers, development agents and other actors have been building a framework to sustain the development of organic farming in Portugal. But the road ahead is still quite long, as many initiatives are new and there is a lack of qualified people.
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    Inter and intra-organizational communication: the facilitation approaches to strengthen and sustain rural development management in Portugal
    2015 - Koehnen, Timothy Leonard
    The study describes and evaluates inter-organizational communication and relationships involving rural development management of community lands within specific perimetros florestais in Portugal. The research design is an exploratory research study approach that collected information with a mail questionnaire, interviews and information gleaned from community land association meetings and an international seminar. The design reflects a multi-disciplinary approach to the collection and analysis of information. The seminar and meetings allowed community leaders and other agents with responsibility and concerns for these rural community territories to discuss and identify management issues and problems. The findings describe the inter-organizational concerns and arrangements in the management and governance of these rural community territories and their natural resources. The findings suggest that a facilitation process can improve the organizational management and communication with local users and other organizations in the sphere of interest. The facilitation process involves local actors and stakeholders to improve their management and communication skills and capacity to construct governmental policies for these rural territories. These local actors need to improve their social skills and abilities to construct governmental policies for these rural territories. A rural extension service can play an important role in the facilitation process for the construction of rural development and governance policies.
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    Constructing a social development network within a rural municipal government in Portugal
    2006 - Koehnen, Timothy Leonard; Cristovão, Artur Fernando Arede Correia
    In Portugal, an experimental Social Development Network (SDN) programme has been promoted at the national level by the Social Development Institute (SDI). The major operational objective of the SDN is to construct advisory councils and local commis- sions to increase local participation. The advisory council is represented by local de- velopment stakeholders from governmental and non-governmental institutions. These stakeholders define the actions to be taken for the social development agenda in the municipal government. The paper depicts the achievements and inadequacies of this network. In general, the case-study evaluation determines if the network strengthens the social action process in a rural area faced by social constraints, for example, poverty, aging and low educational levels.
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    Assessing volunteer-based cultural organizations in Portugal: what potential?
    2009 - Koehnen, Timothy Leonard; Santos, Tiago
    The case study evaluation addresses organizational behavioural components within volunteer- based cultural organizations in rural mountainous communities in northern Portugal. The assessment of the organizational components resulted in specific suggestions for increasing non- formal educational planning for these volunteers articulated to organizational concerns and community development. The established volunteer-based-platform permits consideration of non- formal educational programs to increase community and organizational decision-making capacity, empowerment, and reflection for alternative leadership styles.
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    The AKIS concept and its relevance in selected EU member states
    2015 - Knierim, A.; Boenning, K.; Caggiano, M.; Cristovão, Artur Fernando Arede Correia; Dirimanova, V.; Koehnen, Timothy Leonard; Labarthe, P.; Prager, K.
    Recently, Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKISs) have gained considerable attention in scientific and political forums in the European Union (EU). AKIS is considered a key concept in identifying, analysing and assessing the various actors in the agricultural sector as well as their communication and interaction for innovation processes. Using qualitative expert interviews and organizational mapping, the features of national AKISs were investigated in selected EU member states (Belgium, France, Ireland, Germany, Portugal and the UK). The authors present the different national AKISs and compare them qualitatively with regard to their institutional settings, their overall policy frameworks and their coordinating structures. Conclusions are drawn with regard to AKIS appraisal in general and the usefulness of the AKIS concept, particularly for the understanding and evaluation of policy-induced innovation in agriculture.
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    Bacalhau, um marcador simbólico da identidade alimentar portuguesa: um olhar sobre o território de Trás-os- Montes e Alto Douro
    2019 - Salvado, Josefina; Joukes, Veronique Nelly Paul Marie
    O estudo da alimentação analisa todas as va- riáveis da existência humana, infiltrando-se nos diversos níveis da vida económica, social e cul- tural dos territórios. O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar a gastronomia tradicional de Trás-os- Montes e Alto Douro, através da análise dos pra- tos mais vendidos nos restaurantes e apresentar o bacalhau como um evidente marcador identi- tário da culinária regional. A estratégia de pes- quisa ancorou-se na triangulação de fontes (re- ceituário culinário século XX e 148 inquéritos por questionário) e dados (quantitativos e quali- tativos), visando estudar a gastronomia servida nos restaurantes de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, em diferentes perspetivas, e conseguindo uma explicação mais completa dos resultados. Os resultados mostraram uma predominância dos pratos de bacalhau nos cardápios, o que é condizente com as práticas culturais nacionais, revelando-se assim um poderoso marcador de identidade.
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    Cocreation of tourism experiences: are food-related activities being explored?
    2019 - Rachão, Susana; Breda, Zélia; Fernandes, Carlos; Joukes, Veronique Nelly Paul Marie
    Purpose – This study analyses the dimensions of cocreation in on-site food-related activities. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic literature review was conducted in two databases (Scopus and Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science), and 67 peer-reviewed articles were identified on cocreation in tourism experiences. Findings – The study reveals that food-related activities involving active participation are more likely to be successfully performed in more informal environments, in which culinary experiences cocreated by both tourists and hosts are favoured. Moreover, tourists who learn something new appreciate the value of cocreation within food tourism experiences better. Research limitations/implications – Although the researchers used two renowned databases to conduct the systematic literature review, there is the risk that some manuscripts related to the topic were excluded. Practical implications – The transfer of new skills and knowledge through direct contact between tourists and hosts are prerequisites for the raise of the value of the cocreation process itself and of the final outcome of the cocreation experience. As a result, professional service providers should dedicate more attention to the inclusion of cocreative ‘learning’ elements in the food tourism experiences they create. Social implications – Due to the changing structure of the tourism ecosystem (technological advances), the manner in which experiences are designed, distributed and consumed (cocreated) is being transformed. The present study highlights some aspects to be developed by tourism destination managers. Originality/value – This study is the first to explore food-related tourism experiences through the lens of cocreation.
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    Wine tourism apps as wine destination branding instruments: content and functionality analysis
    2018 - Dimitrovski, Darko; Joukes, Veronique Nelly Paul Marie; Rachão, Susana; Tibério, Manuel Luis
    Purpose – The purpose of this study is to evaluate the competitiveness through brand enhancement of the Douro wine tourism apps in light of their content and functionality in comparison to international wine tourism apps. Design/methodology/approach – The content and functionality features of both the Douro and international wine apps are evaluated to determine any statistically significant differences between items. A frequency analysis and chi-square are calculated at item and variable levels, a Shapiro–Wilks test is used to test normality and an independent t-test is deployed to examine the differences in customer ratings and number of downloads. Findings – There is a significant difference between the Douro and international wine apps on an item level, although there is no significant difference between the groups with regard to their content and functionality features in general. Research limitations/implications – By focussing only on the Douro region, 13 other demarcated Portuguese wine regions have been excluded. Practical implications – Wine tourism apps could influence destination branding, as they can inform about the wine region and wine-related activities. A clear layout makes it easier to move through the app, and the use of social media and entertainment enhances user experiences, especially for younger generations. Social implications – Practical guidelines are proposed for wine tourism marketers and managers wishing to upgrade their destination brand image and its services to satisfy demanding wine tourists. Originality/value – The study contributes to the literature about mobile apps in tourism with a content and functionality analysis of wine apps as variables in the technology acceptance model and of their impact on destination branding.
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    Accounting for local impacts of photovoltaic farms: the application of two stated preferences approaches to a case-study in Portugal
    2017 - Botelho, Anabela; Gomes, Lina Sofia Matos Lourenço; Pinto, Lígia; Sousa, Sara; Valente, Marieta
    Renewable energy sources for electricity generation are unequivocally more environmentally friendly than the traditional sources, but are not impact-free. Given the potential for solar photovoltaic energy to contribute to the energy mix in some countries, it is timely to carefully consider the potential environmental costs of operation of photovoltaic farms, which are experienced by the local population, while the general benefits accrue to all. We apply the contingent valuation method to a sample of local residents close to three selected photovoltaic farms in Portugal. Also, we design a discrete choice experiment to elicit the valuation of specific adverse impacts of electricity generation through photovoltaic energy by national residents. Our results show that the value elicited in the vicinity of the photovoltaic farms is non-negligible. On the other hand, national residents ponder the trade-offs implied by the choice sets and value positively the different adverse local impacts. Both of these estimates, in conjunction or independently, can be used to fully account for this often neglected cost of solar energy. Furthermore, we argue that when studying the public acceptance of renewables, using stated preference methods explicitly presents the trade-offs between negative impacts and costs, contributing to more realistic portrayal of public opinion.
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    Fiscal institutions: different classifications and their effectiveness
    2020 - Martins, Patricia Sofia Figueiredo; Correia, Leonida Amaral Tomas
    Fiscal institutions have been increasingly recognized as being useful for improving fiscal performance. These institutions are defined in different ways, but when a narrower definition is used, they correspond to independent fiscal institutions (IFIs), also called fiscal councils. In this paper, we employ three different classifications of fiscal institutions: from the European Commission, the International Monetary Fund, and one adapted from Calmfors and Wren- Lewis. Our main aim is to assess the impact of fiscal institutions on fiscal performance within a panel composed of the 28 countries of the European Union during the period of 1999–2016, using the bias-corrected least squares dummy variable dynamic panel estimator. We also explore the complementarity between fiscal institutions and the other elements of fiscal governance: numerical fiscal rules, medium-term budgetary frameworks, and the Stability and Growth Pact deficit and debt rules. The results confirm that fiscal institutions improve the discretionary implementation of fiscal policy: policy measures are less procyclical and more concerned with the sustainability of public debt. We also conclude that there is a complementary relationship between IFIs and the Stability and Growth Pact deficit rule, and that the performance of discretionary fiscal policy seems higher in countries with fiscal institutions than in countries with a predisposition for fiscal prudence.
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    Using stated preference methods to assess environmental impacts of forest biomass power plants in Portugal
    2016 - Botelho, Anabela; Gomes, Lina Sofia Matos Lourenço; Pinto, Lígia; Sousa, Sara; Valente, Marieta
    As a renewable energy source, the use of forest biomass for electricity gen- eration is advantageous in comparison with fossil fuels; however, the activity of forest biomass power plants causes adverse impacts, affecting particularly neighbouring com- munities. The main objective of this study is to estimate the effects of the activity of forest biomass power plants on the welfare of two groups of stakeholders, namely local residents and the general population. To this end, we apply two stated preference methods: con- tingent valuation and discrete choice experiments, respectively. The former method was applied to estimate the minimum compensation residents of neighbouring communities of two forest biomass power plants in Portugal would be willing to accept. The latter method was applied among the general population to estimate their willingness to pay to avoid specific environmental impacts. The results show that the presence of the selected facilities affects individuals’ well-being. On the other hand, in the discrete choice experiments conducted among the general population all impacts considered were valued, in particular odour and fauna and flora impacts. The results of this study stress the importance of performing an equity analysis of the welfare effects on different groups of stakeholders from the installation of forest biomass power plants, as their effects on welfare are location and impact specific. Policy makers should take into account the views of all stakeholders either directly or indirectly involved when deciding crucial issues regarding the sitting of new forest biomass power plants, in order to achieve an efficient and equitable outcome.
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    Public participation in urban heritage promotion: residents’, visitors’, and students’ contributions
    2018 - Joukes, Veronique Nelly Paul Marie; Costa, Isabel; Diniz, Francisco
    the border with Spain, in the interior north of Portugal, and it took place within the Monumental Chaves – Valuing and Promoting Cultural Values and Heritage Strategic Programme. This programme focussed on keeping and promoting the town’s monumental heritage (both architectural and archaeological) at the heart of the town’s historic centre, and aimed to make a positive difference on the development of the territory in which it is located. It included a set of studies on impact monitoring which ended up attaining goals that had not been foreseen in the initial programme, not only because these were purposely extended, but also because of the methodological approach that was chosen. Thus, this article presents the residents’, students’, and visitors’ perspectives on the subject of monumental heritage protection, conservation and enhancement. Results show that protection, conservation, and enhancement of cultural heritage still matters for the population segments whose opinions were taken into consideration, who acknowledge its value as a solid resource for the town’s and the region’s development. Cultural tourism as a personal strategy of informal selflearning also plays a specific role. Worth mentioning is the fact that young people have different and broader views on the future of both the heritage and of the town containing it. Results of the studies in question amply justify a promotion and development proposal that goes beyond the limits of the town’s historic centre and bestows on it a major role in terms of the town’s and the region’s development. The conclusions of the study are a contribution to increase public opinion monitoring and public participation in actions designed to enhance cultural heritage, more so in towns which have an historic centre.
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    Actividades pedagógicas em e-learning num curso de turismo
    2012 - Joukes, Veronika; Costa, Isabel; Maia, Margarida; Cruz, Gonçalo
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    Trade integration and business cycle synchronization in the euro area: The case of southern european countries
    2013 - Gouveia, Sofia Helena Cerqueira de
    This paper examines synchronization in the euro area and the role of intra-EMU trade from 1981 to 2011, focusing in particular on southern European countries. The results indicate that the intensification of synchronisation that occurred in the nineties across almost all countries could partially be explained by the increase in trade, which has been strengthened since the start of the run-up to the EMU. For southern European economies, the results are mixed. We find also that trade imbalances have grown over time, becoming more evident in the common currency period. Furthermore, we document a positive and significant relationship between intra-EMU trade linkages and cyclical correlations.
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    Fiscal forecasts and slippages: the role of the SGP and domestic fiscal frameworks
    2016 - Martins, Patricia Sofia Figueiredo; Correia, Leonida Amaral Tomas
    This paper studies the determinants of budget balance, public debt, and gross domestic product growth forecasts presented in the Stability and Convergence Programs for 15 European countries and respective forecasting errors for the period 1999– 2009. Our results suggest that governments were more engaged in the preparation of budget balance forecasts than public debt forecasts because of the definition and application of the Stability and Growth Pact. Economic forecasts submitted by governments are generally more optimistic than those of the European Commission, but the inaccuracy is because of information problems. Countries with better domestic institutional frameworks publish more prudent economic forecasts.