Modelação de sistemas experimentais em ToonTalk para Ambientes Educativos: Ciclo da Água
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2009
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Uma boa aprendizagem científica e um ensino das Ciências com qualidade são hoje considerados elementares na formação de cidadãos preparados para a sociedade tecnológica, nesta época pós-moderna. Embora existam excelentes práticas veiculadas acerca do ensino tradicional das ciências, hoje, a aprendizagem tem implícita a aquisição de múltiplas e modernas competências, da parte de alunos e professores. As tecnologias e metodologias postas presentemente à disposição dos docentes são muitas e é imprescindível que o docente delas saiba retirar o maior proveito. Em 1968 nasceu a primeira versão da linguagem de programação Logo, a primeira a ser criada com fins educativos para o público mais jovem, por uma equipa formada por Seymour Papert, Dan Bobrow e Wallace Feurzeig. Ao criar este software, a principal preocupação destes investigadores era conceber uma ferramenta que se pudesse relacionar com a aprendizagem da matemática. A partir daí muitos foram os avanços, novas linguagens surgiram, o uso educativo da programação estendeu-se a todas as áreas educativas, através de vários projectos que foram surgindo para promover e desenvolver o seu uso. Um desses projectos foi o Playground, que envolveu vários parceiros europeus no Reino Unido, Portugal, Suécia e Eslováquia, que envolvia simultaneamente as componentes: académica e comercial. Cumulativamente com estas, pretendiam-se promover as competências especializadas de investigação em informática e educação. Contou com a participação de crianças dos 4 aos 8 anos que criaram 2 recreios computacionais, um na linguagem ToonTalk, uma linguagem de programação animada, e outro na linguagem Imagine, uma versão gráfica do Logo. Nestes recreios, as crianças foram envolvidas a projectar e desenvolver jogos e a jogá-los. Este projecto motivou o presente trabalho, que consistiu na realização de um estudo com seis alunos do 2º ciclo do Ensino Básico, com o intuito de aplicar em ambiente educativo a ferramenta de programação ToonTalk, tendo a temática da água como matéria basilar; como objecto de estudo, foram também observadas as atitudes e reacções destes alunos enquanto manipulavam este programa. Esta investigação assumiu um carácter qualitativo, descrevendo e interpretando as observações do grupo de alunos escolhidos, enquanto caso de estudo. Em termos gerais, a revisão bibliográfica do presente trabalho de dissertação compreendeu uma pesquisa acerca de modelos de aprendizagem, abordagens pedagógicas no ensino das ciências e tecnologias de informação e comunicação no ensino. É apresentado um pequeno estudo sobre a água, apresentando-se esta enquanto molécula, produto químico, com as características inerentes que estão por trás das propriedades observáveis. Abordaram-se os fenómenos recorrentes na natureza a ela associados e os estados em que ela se apresenta. Foi também estudada toda a sua circulação pelo planeta, o designado Ciclo Hidrológico, as condições que estão subjacentes a essa circulação e a sua dimensão. Por fim, focou-se a influência do homem no desenrolar normal desse ciclo.
An adequate learning and quality teaching of science are nowadays considered an essential part of the education of citizens, in order to prepare them to the technological society in a post-modern age. While there are excellent resources on how to conduct traditional teaching methods of science, learning nowadays implies that students and teachers acquire various modern skills. Technologies and methodologies currently available to teachers are varied, and its essential for teachers to be able to fully leverage them. In 1968 the first version of the Logo programming language came to be. This was the first programming language created with children's education in mind, by the team of Seymour Papert, Dan Bobrow, and Wallace Feurzeig. By creating this software, the main concern of these researchers was to develop a tool that could link with the learning of mathematics. Since then, many advances saw the light of day, new languages appeared, and their use widened, reaching into all educational fields, through various projects that promoted and developed their use. One such projects was Project Playground, which involved various European partners, in the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, and Slovakia, and joined the academic and business viewpoints. In concert, it aimed to bring together specialised skills in computer science research and educational research. It focused on children aged 4 to 8, which created 2 computational playgrounds, one using the ToonTalk language (an animated programming language), the other using the Imagine language, a graphic version of Logo. In these playgrounds, children would be involved in the design, development, and play of their own games. This project inspired the present work, where a study was conducted with six students of the 6th grade of Basic Education, with the aim of applying the ToonTalk programming tool in an education environment, focusing on the water as a subject matter; as an object of study, the attitudes and reactions of students while using the program were also observed. This research was qualitative in nature, describing and interpreting the selected students as a case study. Generally, the literature review of this research work involved a review of learning models, teaching approaches to science education and on the use of information and communication technologies in education. A small study on water is also presented. Water is described as a molecule and as a chemical, with its inherent features that explain its visible properties. Common natural phenomena associated with water are put forward, as well as its states. The water cycle on the planet was also studied - the hydrological cycle - as well as the conditions underlying that circulation and its dimension. Finally, a study was made on humankind's influence in the normal development of this cycle.
An adequate learning and quality teaching of science are nowadays considered an essential part of the education of citizens, in order to prepare them to the technological society in a post-modern age. While there are excellent resources on how to conduct traditional teaching methods of science, learning nowadays implies that students and teachers acquire various modern skills. Technologies and methodologies currently available to teachers are varied, and its essential for teachers to be able to fully leverage them. In 1968 the first version of the Logo programming language came to be. This was the first programming language created with children's education in mind, by the team of Seymour Papert, Dan Bobrow, and Wallace Feurzeig. By creating this software, the main concern of these researchers was to develop a tool that could link with the learning of mathematics. Since then, many advances saw the light of day, new languages appeared, and their use widened, reaching into all educational fields, through various projects that promoted and developed their use. One such projects was Project Playground, which involved various European partners, in the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, and Slovakia, and joined the academic and business viewpoints. In concert, it aimed to bring together specialised skills in computer science research and educational research. It focused on children aged 4 to 8, which created 2 computational playgrounds, one using the ToonTalk language (an animated programming language), the other using the Imagine language, a graphic version of Logo. In these playgrounds, children would be involved in the design, development, and play of their own games. This project inspired the present work, where a study was conducted with six students of the 6th grade of Basic Education, with the aim of applying the ToonTalk programming tool in an education environment, focusing on the water as a subject matter; as an object of study, the attitudes and reactions of students while using the program were also observed. This research was qualitative in nature, describing and interpreting the selected students as a case study. Generally, the literature review of this research work involved a review of learning models, teaching approaches to science education and on the use of information and communication technologies in education. A small study on water is also presented. Water is described as a molecule and as a chemical, with its inherent features that explain its visible properties. Common natural phenomena associated with water are put forward, as well as its states. The water cycle on the planet was also studied - the hydrological cycle - as well as the conditions underlying that circulation and its dimension. Finally, a study was made on humankind's influence in the normal development of this cycle.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Matemática e Ciências da Natureza