A Valoração Económica de Bens Culturais: Uma Aplicação a Monumentos da Cidade de Tomar
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2009
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A Economia da Cultura é uma das áreas do conhecimento que tem sido alvo de desenvolvimento nos últimos tempos. Esta situação resulta da consciencialização da importância que este sector tem na sociedade, nomeadamente, na formação pessoal e na integração social, assim como nos impactes económicos que proporciona pela crescente procura de bens culturais. Dado que estamos perante bens não transaccionáveis, ou seja, no caso em estudo, de bens públicos ou de clube, cuja valoração se torna impossível, via mercado, é necessário o recurso a métodos de valoração indirecta. Os bens culturais em análise (Convento de Cristo, Museu dos Fósforos e Sinagoga), situados na cidade de Tomar, foram valorados com recurso ao cálculo do excedente do consumidor. Para tal, socorremo-nos do Método do Custo de Viagem com a aplicação do Modelo Regressivo de Poisson para a determinação da curva da procura destes bens e, consequentemente, do cálculo do excedente. Para proceder ao desenvolvimento deste estudo foram considerados dois grupos de questões. O primeiro visava a obtenção de informação que possibilitasse determinar o custo de viagem a cada um dos locais em estudo e, também, a experiência cultural dos consumidores. O segundo grupo de questões tinha em vista obter as características socioeconómicas dos indivíduos inquiridos, nomeadamente o género, a idade, o local de residência, as habilitações literárias e o rendimento mensal familiar auferido e que no seu conjunto funcionam como variáveis de controlo. Os resultados obtidos, tendo em conta o Modelo de Poisson, quando os parâmetros associados às variáveis são significativos, confirmam o contemplado noutros estudos, ou seja, podemos dizer que o custo de viagem, o género e a idade influenciam negativamente a procura de visitas, enquanto que os hábitos culturais, as habilitações literárias e o rendimento a influenciam positivamente. No que concerne à comparação entre os três itens culturais considerados verificamos que, segundo o excedente do consumidor, o bem mais valorado foram as visitas ao Convento, seguindo-se as efectuadas à Sinagoga e, por último, as realizadas ao Museu dos Fósforos.
Cultural economics is an area of knowledge that has been greatly developed recently. This is the result of an awareness of the importance of this sector to society, namely in training people and in terms of social integration, as well as the economic impact provided by the increased demand for cultural goods. These are non-transactional goods, that is, in the case study; they are public or belong to a club so that their market value is impossible. It is therefore necessary to resort to methods of indirect valuation. The goods being analyzed (Convento de Cristo [Convent of Christ], Museu dos Fósforos [Matchstick Museum] and Synagogue), are situated in the city of Tomar. They were valued by calculating the consumer surplus. For this, we resorted to the Travel Cost Method applying the Poisson Regression Method to determine the demand curve of the goods, and consequently to calculate the surplus. To proceed to developing this study two groups of questions were considered. The first aimed at obtaining the information that would determine the travel costs to each of the locations under study and the cultural experience of the consumers as well. The second group of questions aimed at obtaining the socio-economic characteristics of the individuals questioned, including gender, age, residence, academic qualifications, and monthly income, which act as control variables. The results obtained, considering the Poisson Model, when the parameters related to the variables are significant, confirm findings from other studies. That is, we may say that the travel cost, gender and age negatively influence visiting demand, while cultural habits, academic qualifications and income influence it positively. As far as comparing these three cultural items we found that, according to consumer surplus, the most highly valued item was visits to the Convento de Cristo, followed by visits to the Synagogue and finally visits to the Matchstick Museum.
Cultural economics is an area of knowledge that has been greatly developed recently. This is the result of an awareness of the importance of this sector to society, namely in training people and in terms of social integration, as well as the economic impact provided by the increased demand for cultural goods. These are non-transactional goods, that is, in the case study; they are public or belong to a club so that their market value is impossible. It is therefore necessary to resort to methods of indirect valuation. The goods being analyzed (Convento de Cristo [Convent of Christ], Museu dos Fósforos [Matchstick Museum] and Synagogue), are situated in the city of Tomar. They were valued by calculating the consumer surplus. For this, we resorted to the Travel Cost Method applying the Poisson Regression Method to determine the demand curve of the goods, and consequently to calculate the surplus. To proceed to developing this study two groups of questions were considered. The first aimed at obtaining the information that would determine the travel costs to each of the locations under study and the cultural experience of the consumers as well. The second group of questions aimed at obtaining the socio-economic characteristics of the individuals questioned, including gender, age, residence, academic qualifications, and monthly income, which act as control variables. The results obtained, considering the Poisson Model, when the parameters related to the variables are significant, confirm findings from other studies. That is, we may say that the travel cost, gender and age negatively influence visiting demand, while cultural habits, academic qualifications and income influence it positively. As far as comparing these three cultural items we found that, according to consumer surplus, the most highly valued item was visits to the Convento de Cristo, followed by visits to the Synagogue and finally visits to the Matchstick Museum.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Economia das Organizações
Palavras-chave
Economia da Cultura , Teoria do Consumidor , Métodos de Valoração Económica , Método do Custo de Viagem , Modelo Regressivo de Poisson